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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Classes in Mist bridge the gap between Java's organizational structure and Rust'
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A class groups fields and methods together. Fields follow the `type name` convention, and methods define their logic directly within the class body.
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```cpp
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```mist
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public class Logger {
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String prefix;
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@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public class Logger {
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Unlike languages that use the class name for initialization, Mist uses the explicit `constructor` keyword. This makes the entry point of the class unmistakable.
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```cpp
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```mist
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public constructor(str* prefix) {
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self.prefix = prefix.to_string();
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}
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@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public constructor(str* prefix) {
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Mist maintains Rust's explicit context handling. Any method that needs to access or modify class data must include `self*` (or `self mut*` for mutations) as its first parameter.
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```cpp
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```mist
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public void warning(self*, str* message) {
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self.log(LogLevel::Warning, message);
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}
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@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public void warning(self*, str* message) {
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One of Mist's most powerful features is the ability to nest trait implementations directly within the class block. This keeps the logic for how a type behaves (e.g., how it is displayed) physically coupled with the type definition.
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```cpp
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```mist
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impl fmt::Display {
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std::fmt::Result fmt(self*, std::fmt::Formatter<'_> mut* f) {
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return write!(f, "logger ({})", self.prefix);
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Enums in Mist serve as powerful algebraic data types (ADTs), maintaining the exa
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An enum can contain unit variants, tuple variants, or struct-like variants. Following Mist's core philosophy, struct-like variants place the type before the identifier.
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```rust
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```mist
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public enum TaskState {
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Pending,
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InProgress,
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@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public enum TaskState {
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Mist supports all standard variant shapes, ensuring a 1:1 mapping to the underlying Rust execution model.
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```rust
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```mist
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enum Message {
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Quit, // Unit
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Move(i32, i32), // Tuple
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@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ enum Message {
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Just like structs and functions, enums declare generics and lifetimes in a unified block. This is particularly useful for defining custom Result or Option types that handle references.
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```rust
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```mist
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public enum Validation<'a, T> {
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Valid(T),
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Invalid {
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Functions are the primary unit of execution in Mist. They prioritize a tradition
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A standard function requires a return type, a name, and a body. Use the `void` keyword for functions that do not return a value.
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```cpp
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```mist
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i32 add(i32 a, i32 b) {
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return a + b;
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}
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@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ void log_status(str* message) {
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Functions are private to their module by default. The `public` modifier exports the function for cross-module access.
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```cpp
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```mist
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public i32 get_version() {
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return 1;
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}
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@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public i32 get_version() {
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Parameters follow Rust’s ownership rules but use Mist’s local variable syntax. Use `mut` to allow a function to modify its local binding of a value.
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```cpp
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```mist
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void update_score(i32 mut current_score, i32 bonus) {
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current_score = current_score + bonus;
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}
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@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void update_score(i32 mut current_score, i32 bonus) {
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Mist integrates type abstraction and memory management into a single generic block. Lifetimes and type parameters share the `< >` bracket following the identifier.
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```rust
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```mist
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public str'a* choose_longer<'a, T: Display>(str'a* s1, str'a* s2, T meta) {
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println!("Metadata: {}", meta);
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return if (s1.len() > s2.len()) { s1 } else { s2 };
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@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public str'a* choose_longer<'a, T: Display>(str'a* s1, str'a* s2, T meta) {
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Metadata is applied via the `#[attr]` syntax directly above the declaration for compiler hints or testing.
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```cpp
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```mist
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#[inline]
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public bool is_active(u32 id) {
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return id > 0;
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Mist simplifies Rust’s reference system by using a pointer-style syntax. While
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References are defined by placing a `*` after the type. By default, pointers are immutable (shared). To allow modification of the underlying data, use the `mut*` modifier.
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```cpp
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```mist
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void increment(i32 mut* value, i32* limit) {
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if (value < limit) {
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value = value + 1;
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@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void increment(i32 mut* value, i32* limit) {
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Lifetimes are attached directly to the type before the pointer symbol. This maintains a clean visual flow where the "type-contract" (identity, duration, and mutability) is read from left to right.
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```cpp
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```mist
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public struct Inspector<'a> {
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public str'a* target,
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public u32'a mut* counter,
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Structs in Mist follow the same structural logic as Rust, but apply the language
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A struct is defined by its name followed by a block of fields. Each field follows the Mist convention of placing the type before the identifier, separated by commas.
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```rust
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```mist
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public struct Task {
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public String name,
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public TaskState state,
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@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public struct Task {
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Use the `public` modifier to make the struct or its individual fields accessible from other modules.
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```cpp
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```mist
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public struct NetworkNode {
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public u32 id,
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str* address,
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@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public struct NetworkNode {
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Structs are instantiated using the standard brace syntax.
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```cpp
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```mist
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var task = Task {
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name: "Initialize".to_string(),
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state: TaskState::Pending,
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@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ var task = Task {
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Generics and lifetimes are declared in angle brackets after the struct name. Lifetimes are associated with the reference/pointer type within the field declarations.
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```cpp
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```mist
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public struct Buffer<'a, T> {
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public T'a* data,
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public usize len,
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Traits in Mist define a set of methods that a type must implement, facilitating
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A trait definition lists method signatures that implementing types must satisfy. Like functions, these signatures place the return type before the method name.
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```rust
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```mist
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public trait Drawable {
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void draw(self*);
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str* metadata(self*);
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@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public trait Drawable {
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To implement a trait for a specific type, use the `impl` keyword followed by the trait name and the target type. This block must contain all required methods defined in the trait.
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```rust
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```mist
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impl Drawable for Task {
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void draw(self*) {
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println!("Drawing task: {}", self.name);
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@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl Drawable for Task {
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Traits can provide default behavior for methods. Types implementing the trait can choose to override these defaults or use the provided implementation.
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```rust
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```mist
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public trait Identifiable {
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u32 get_id(self*);
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@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public trait Identifiable {
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Traits can build upon other traits. If a trait requires another trait to be implemented first, use the colon `:` syntax.
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```rust
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```mist
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public trait Animated : Drawable {
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void animate(self*, f32 delta_time);
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}
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@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ path = "build/main.rs"
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Now for the fun part! Create a new file at `src/main.mist` and add the following code:
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```cpp title="src/main.mist"
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```mist title="src/main.mist"
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void main() {
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println!("Hello World!");
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}
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Control flow in Mist provides a bridge between C-style procedural logic and Rust
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The `if` statement evaluates a boolean expression. It supports multiple `else if` branches and an optional `else` block.
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```cpp
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```mist
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if (score > 50) {
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println!("Pass");
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} else if (score == 50) {
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@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ if (score > 50) {
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The `match` statement provides exhaustive pattern matching. Currently, every match arm requires a block `{}` following the `=>` operator.
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```cpp
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```mist
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match (task_state) {
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TaskState::Pending => {
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println!("Queued");
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@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Mist supports both functional iteration and traditional low-level loop control.
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For manual iteration control, Mist supports the standard three-part `for` loop: initialization, condition, and post-iteration statement.
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```cpp
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```mist
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for (var mut i = 0; i < 10; i = i + 1;) {
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println!("Index: {}", i);
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}
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@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ for (var mut i = 0; i < 10; i = i + 1;) {
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The `for-in` loop iterates over collections or iterators using Mist's pattern matching system.
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```cpp
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```mist
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for (var item in collection) {
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process(item);
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}
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@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ for ((i32 x, i32 y) in coordinates) {
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The `while` loop continues execution as long as the parenthesized expression evaluates to `true`.
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```cpp
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```mist
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while (active) {
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wait_for_event();
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}
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Expressions in Mist are the fundamental units that evaluate to a value. The synt
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Primary expressions are the starting point of any logic chain. These include literal values, paths to static members, or grouped expressions in tuples.
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```java
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```mist
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// Literals and paths
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var x = 42;
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var y = Math::PI;
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@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ var coordinates = (10, 20, 30);
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Postfix expressions allow you to build on a primary value. This includes calling functions, accessing fields, indexing arrays, or initializing structs.
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```java
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```mist
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// Field access and method/function calls
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var len = list.length();
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@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ println!("Value: {}", first); // Macro call via '!'
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Prefixes modify the primary expression that follows them. Mist uses these for logical negation, dereferencing, and creating references.
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```java
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```mist
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var mut value = 10;
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var ref = &value; // Reference
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@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ var is_false = !true; // Logical NOT
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Binary operations are applied as postfixes to an expression, following a `bin_op ~ expr` pattern. This supports all standard arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators.
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```java
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```mist
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var sum = 10 + 20;
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var is_equal = (x == y);
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var complex = (a + b) * (c / d);
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ In Mist, variables follow the language-wide `type name` convention. For local sc
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Variables are declared using the `var` keyword for automatic type inference. Like Rust, variables are immutable by default.
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```java
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```mist
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var message = "Hello Mist"; // Inferred as str*
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var count = 42; // Inferred as i32
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```
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@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ var count = 42; // Inferred as i32
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To allow a variable to be reassigned, use the `mut` modifier after the `var` keyword or the explicit type.
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```rust
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```mist
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var mut score = 0;
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score = 100;
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@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ price = 14.99;
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While `var` handles inference, you can explicitly define the type before the identifier. This is often used for clarity in complex logic or when the specific numeric width (e.g., `u8` vs `i32`) matters.
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```rust
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```mist
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u64 large_id = 1000234;
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bool is_active = true;
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```
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@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ bool is_active = true;
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Because variable declarations are patterns, you can destructure tuples or structures directly. This keeps data extraction clean and avoids manual indexing.
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```rust
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```mist
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// Destructuring a tuple into local variables
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(i32, i32) (x, y) = get_coordinates();
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@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Because variable declarations are patterns, you can destructure tuples or struct
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Constants are immutable values that are evaluated at compile time. They require an explicit type and follow the `const` keyword.
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```rust
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```mist
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const i32 MAX_RETRIES = 5;
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const str* VERSION = "1.0.4";
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```
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