---
title: Operators, Macros & Closures
description: Binary, prefix, and postfix operators, macro calls, and closure expressions.
icon: Plus
---

### Binary Operators

| Operator | Description          |
|----------|----------------------|
| `+`      | Addition             |
| `-`      | Subtraction          |
| `*`      | Multiplication       |
| `/`      | Division             |
| `%`      | Modulus              |
| `==`     | Equality             |
| `!=`     | Inequality           |
| `<`      | Less than            |
| `>`      | Greater than         |
| `<=`     | Less or equal        |
| `>=`     | Greater or equal     |
| `&&`     | Logical AND          |
| `\|\|`   | Logical OR           |
| `&`      | Bitwise AND          |
| `\|`     | Bitwise OR           |
| `^`      | Bitwise XOR          |
| `<<`     | Left shift           |
| `>>`     | Right shift          |
| `=`      | Assignment           |
| `+=`     | Add assign           |
| `-=`     | Subtract assign      |
| `*=`     | Multiply assign      |
| `/=`     | Divide assign        |
| `%=`     | Modulus assign       |
| `&=`     | Bitwise AND assign   |
| `\|=`    | Bitwise OR assign    |
| `^=`     | Bitwise XOR assign   |
| `<<=`    | Left shift assign    |
| `>>=`    | Right shift assign   |
| `..`     | Range (exclusive)    |
| `..=`    | Range (inclusive)    |
| `->`     | Pointer write        |

### Prefix Operators

| Operator | Description       |
|----------|-------------------|
| `*`      | Dereference       |
| `&`      | Reference         |
| `&mut`   | Mutable reference |
| `!`      | Logical NOT       |
| `-`      | Numeric negation  |

### Postfix Operators

| Operator   | Description          |
|------------|----------------------|
| `.field`   | Field access         |
| `.0`       | Tuple field access   |
| `()`       | Function call        |
| `[]`       | Index                |
| `{ f: v }` | Struct literal       |
| `as Type`  | Type cast            |
| `?`        | Try (error prop)     |
| `++`       | Increment            |
| `--`       | Decrement            |
| `!()`      | Macro call (paren)   |
| `![]`      | Macro call (bracket) |
| `!{}`      | Macro call (brace)   |

### Macros

Mist reuses Rust's macro system directly:

```mist
println!("hello");
assert_eq!(a, b);
vec![1, 2, 3];
```

Macro calls use `!` followed by parentheses, brackets, or braces.

### Closures

```mist
let add = (a, b) => a + b;
let result = add(2, 3);  // 5

let square = f64 x => x * x;
```

Closures can have explicit return types:

```mist
let transform = i32 x => {
    x * 2
};
```