Bump version

Mist fmt style

.gitignore

@@ -29,3 +29,6 @@ target
 **/build
 
 .mist/
+
+analyzer.bat
+analyzer.sh

Cargo.lock

@@ -292,6 +292,12 @@ version = "0.17.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed5909b6e89a2db4456e54cd5f673791d7eca6732202bbf2a9cc504fe2f9b84a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "heck"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "httparse"
 version = "1.10.1"
@@ -470,10 +476,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mist-analyzer"
-version = "0.3.5-alpha.0"
+version = "0.3.7-alpha.0"
 dependencies = [
  "cargo_metadata",
  "dashmap 6.1.0",
+ "heck",
  "mist-codegen",
  "mist-parser",
  "pest",
@@ -481,12 +488,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "tokio",
+ "toml",
  "tower-lsp",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mist-api"
-version = "0.3.5-alpha.0"
+version = "0.3.7-alpha.0"
 dependencies = [
  "cargo_metadata",
  "mist-codegen",
@@ -498,7 +506,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mist-codegen"
-version = "0.3.5-alpha.0"
+version = "0.3.7-alpha.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytecount",
  "mist-parser",
@@ -506,7 +514,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mist-lang"
-version = "0.3.5-alpha.0"
+version = "0.3.7-alpha.0"
 dependencies = [
  "mist-analyzer",
  "mist-api",
@@ -514,7 +522,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mist-parser"
-version = "0.3.5-alpha.0"
+version = "0.3.7-alpha.0"
 dependencies = [
  "pest",
  "pest_derive",

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "mist-lang"
-version = "0.3.5-alpha.0"
+version = "0.3.7-alpha.0"
 edition = "2024"
 description = "The Mist programming language compiler"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ exclude = [
 ]
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-mist-parser = { path = "crates/parser", version = "0.3.5-alpha.0" }
-mist-analyzer = { path = "crates/analyzer", version = "0.3.5-alpha.0" }
-mist-codegen = { path = "crates/codegen", version = "0.3.5-alpha.0" }
-mist-api = { path = "crates/mist-api", version = "0.3.5-alpha.0" }
+mist-parser = { path = "crates/parser", version = "0.3.7-alpha.0" }
+mist-analyzer = { path = "crates/analyzer", version = "0.3.7-alpha.0" }
+mist-codegen = { path = "crates/codegen", version = "0.3.7-alpha.0" }
+mist-api = { path = "crates/mist-api", version = "0.3.7-alpha.0" }
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "mist"

README.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ The `div` reduces the vertical height. The `picture` prevents autolinking.
 
 **Fast and works with Rust**
 
-- All of your favourite Rust libraries work with Mist
+- All of your favorite Rust libraries work with Mist
 - Compiles directly into efficient Rust code
 - Zero-cost abstractions, no runtime overhead
 

analyzer.bat

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-@echo off
-
-cd D:\projects\mist\mist
-
-mist build >nul 2>&1
-
-cd mist-test
-
-D:\projects\mist\mist\target\debug\mist-analyzer.exe

crates/analyzer/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "mist-analyzer"
-version = "0.3.5-alpha.0"
+version = "0.3.7-alpha.0"
 edition = "2024"
 description = "The Mist programming language Analyzer LSP"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
@@ -21,3 +21,5 @@ cargo_metadata = "0.23.1"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
 ropey = "1"
+heck = "0.5.0"
+toml = "1.1.2"

crates/analyzer/src/rust_analyzer.rs

@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ impl RustAnalyzer {
     pub fn new(
         notification_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::UnboundedSender<Value>,
     ) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-        let mut child = tokio::process::Command::new("rust-analyzer")
+        let mut child = tokio::process::Command::new("rustup")
+            .args(["run", "stable", "rust-analyzer"])
             .stdin(Stdio::piped())
             .stdout(Stdio::piped())
             .stderr(Stdio::piped())
@@ -129,7 +130,10 @@ impl RustAnalyzer {
                 match stderr.read(&mut buf).await {
                     Ok(0) => break,
                     Ok(n) => {
-                        eprintln!("[ra-stderr] {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf[..n]).trim_end());
+                        eprintln!(
+                            "[ra-stderr] {}",
+                            String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf[..n]).trim_end()
+                        );
                     }
                     Err(e) => {
                         eprintln!("[ra-stderr] read error: {e}");
@@ -323,10 +327,7 @@ impl RustAnalyzer {
     }
 
     pub async fn initialized(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-        self.notify(
-            <Initialized as Notification>::METHOD,
-            InitializedParams {},
-        )
+        self.notify(<Initialized as Notification>::METHOD, InitializedParams {})
             .await?;
         Ok(())
     }

crates/analyzer/src/transpiler.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use mist_codegen::RustCodegen;
+use mist_codegen::fmt::MistCodegen;
 use mist_parser::rev_mapper::Mapping;
-use mist_parser::parse;
+use mist_parser::{MistFmtConfig, parse};
 
 pub struct TranspiledFile {
     pub mist_path: PathBuf,
@@ -11,7 +12,49 @@ pub struct TranspiledFile {
     pub mapping: Mapping,
 }
 
-pub fn transpile_mist(
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum TranspileError<'a> {
+    Parse(mist_parser::error::ParseError<'a>),
+    Semantic(Vec<mist_parser::semantics::SemanticError>),
+}
+
+pub fn transpile_mist<'a>(
+    mist_path: &Path,
+    source: &'a str,
+    extra_mod_decl: &str,
+) -> Result<TranspiledFile, TranspileError<'a>> {
+    let mut rust_path = crate::from_mist_to_rust(mist_path.to_path_buf());
+    // Package files (package.mist) must output as <dir>/mod.rs so the Rust module
+    // hierarchy resolves correctly (pub mod <child>; declarations look for sibling
+    // .rs files, and the parent module declaration looks for <dir>/mod.rs).
+    if mist_path.file_name().and_then(|n| n.to_str()) == Some("package.mist") {
+        rust_path.set_file_name("mod.rs");
+    }
+
+    let parsed = parse(source).map_err(TranspileError::Parse)?;
+
+    for item in &parsed.items {
+        mist_parser::semantics::check_class_semantics(item).map_err(TranspileError::Semantic)?;
+    }
+
+    let mut codegen = RustCodegen::new(mist_path.to_path_buf());
+
+    codegen.generate(parsed.mod_attributes);
+
+    codegen.add(extra_mod_decl);
+
+    let output = codegen.generate(parsed.items);
+
+    Ok(TranspiledFile {
+        mist_path: mist_path.to_path_buf(),
+        rust_path,
+        rust_content: output,
+        mapping: codegen.mapping,
+    })
+}
+
+/// No Semantics
+pub fn transpile_mist_no_sem(
     mist_path: &Path,
     source: &str,
     extra_mod_decl: &str,
@@ -26,20 +69,28 @@ pub fn transpile_mist(
 
     let parsed = parse(source).map_err(|e| format!("parse error: {e:?}"))?;
 
-    for item in &parsed {
-        mist_parser::semantics::check_class_semantics(item)
-            .map_err(|e| format!("semantic error: {}", e[0].error_message))?;
-    }
-
     let mut codegen = RustCodegen::new(mist_path.to_path_buf());
-    let output = codegen.generate(parsed);
 
-    codegen.mapping.shift_rust(extra_mod_decl.lines().count() as isize, 0);
+    codegen.generate(parsed.mod_attributes);
+
+    codegen.add(extra_mod_decl);
+
+    let output = codegen.generate(parsed.items);
 
     Ok(TranspiledFile {
         mist_path: mist_path.to_path_buf(),
         rust_path,
-        rust_content: format!("{}{}", extra_mod_decl, output),
+        rust_content: output,
         mapping: codegen.mapping,
     })
 }
+
+pub fn format_mist(source: &str, config: MistFmtConfig) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let parsed = parse(source).map_err(|e| format!("parse error: {e:?}"))?;
+
+    let mut codegen = MistCodegen::new(config);
+    codegen.generate(parsed.mod_attributes);
+    let output = codegen.generate(parsed.items);
+
+    Ok(output)
+}

crates/codegen/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "mist-codegen"
-version = "0.3.5-alpha.0"
+version = "0.3.7-alpha.0"
 edition = "2024"
 description = "The Mist programming language Rust code generator"
 license = "Apache-2.0"

crates/codegen/src/class_decl.rs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl ClassProcessedData {
             if matches!(method.item.visibility, Visibility::Public) {
                 match &method.item.is_override {
                     None => {
-                        if method.item.is_using_self() {
+                        if method.item.self_param.is_some() {
                             v_table.push(method.item.name.clone());
                         }
                     }
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ impl ClassProcessedData {
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    if let TypeExpr::Ref { mutable, .. } = params.remove(0) {
+                    if let Some((_, _, mutable)) = &method.item.self_param {
                         method.gen_span(cg);
                         cg.add_indented(&format!("{}::__m_", target_rust_path));
                         cg.add(&method.item.name.get_rust());
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ impl ClassProcessedData {
                             0,
                             TypeExpr::Ref {
                                 lifetime: None,
-                                mutable,
+                                mutable: *mutable,
                                 ty: Box::new(get_type_from_path(&target_path)),
                             },
                         );
@@ -375,20 +375,6 @@ impl ClassProcessedData {
         cg.indent -= 1;
         cg.add_indentedln("}\n");
 
-        let mut constructor_params = vec![VarDecl {
-            name: Pattern::Path(false, Path(vec![Identifier(String::from("self"))])),
-            type_: Some(TypeExpr::Ref {
-                lifetime: None,
-                mutable: true,
-                ty: Box::new(TypeExpr::Path(
-                    Path(vec![Identifier(String::from("Self"))]),
-                    None,
-                )),
-            }),
-        }];
-
-        constructor_params.append(&mut constructor.item.params.0.clone());
-
         Spanned {
             line: constructor.line,
             column: constructor.column,
@@ -397,7 +383,8 @@ impl ClassProcessedData {
                 is_override: None,
                 name: Identifier(String::from("constructor")),
                 generics: constructor.item.generics.clone(),
-                params: ParamList(constructor_params),
+                params: constructor.item.params.clone(),
+                self_param: Some((true, None, true)),
                 return_type: Some(TypeExpr::Tuple(Vec::new())),
                 body: Some(constructor.item.body.clone()),
             },
@@ -409,7 +396,7 @@ impl ClassProcessedData {
         for method in &self.methods {
             match method.item.visibility {
                 Visibility::Public => {
-                    if method.item.is_using_self() {
+                    if method.item.self_param.is_some() {
                         if method.item.is_override.is_none() {
                             gen_method_point(&method.item, ctx, cg);
                         }
@@ -513,6 +500,7 @@ fn construct_pattern(pat: &Pattern, idx: usize) -> Pattern {
 }
 
 pub fn gen_method_point(method: &FunctionDecl, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut RustCodegen) {
+    let mutable_self = if let Some((is_ref, lifetime, is_mut)) = &method.self_param {
         cg.add_indented(&format!(
             "{}fn {}{}(",
             method.visibility.get_rust(),
@@ -520,6 +508,25 @@ pub fn gen_method_point(method: &FunctionDecl, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut RustC
             method.generics.get_rust(),
         ));
 
+        if *is_ref {
+            cg.add("&");
+        }
+
+        if let Some(lifetime) = lifetime {
+            cg.add(&format!("'{} ", lifetime.0));
+        }
+
+        if *is_mut {
+            cg.add("mut ");
+        }
+
+        cg.add("self,");
+
+        *is_mut
+    } else {
+        panic!();
+    };
+
     let params = method
         .params
         .0
@@ -566,14 +573,10 @@ pub fn gen_method_point(method: &FunctionDecl, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut RustC
         .filter_map(|v| v.type_)
         .collect();
 
-    let TypeExpr::Ref { mutable, .. } = param_types.remove(0) else {
-        panic!("")
-    };
-
     param_types.insert(
         0,
         TypeExpr::UnsafePtr {
-            mutable,
+            mutable: mutable_self,
             ty: Box::new(TypeExpr::Path(
                 Path(vec![
                     Identifier(String::from("std")),
@@ -588,16 +591,13 @@ pub fn gen_method_point(method: &FunctionDecl, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut RustC
     cg.add(&TypeExpr::StaticFn(param_types, method.return_type.clone().map(Box::new)).get_rust());
     cg.addln(" = std::mem::transmute(func_ptr);");
 
-    if mutable {
+    if mutable_self {
         cg.add_indented("func(self as *mut Self as *const std::ffi::c_void");
     } else {
         cg.add_indented("func(self as *const Self as *const std::ffi::c_void");
     }
 
-    for (i, param) in &params {
-        if *i == 0 {
-            continue; // self already fulfills it
-        }
+    for (_, param) in &params {
         cg.add(", ");
         ctx.expr_ensure_semicolon = false;
         param.name.gen_rust(ctx, cg);

crates/codegen/src/expr.rs

@@ -256,11 +256,6 @@ impl GenRust for Postfix {
 
             Postfix::Try => cg.add("?"),
 
-            Postfix::Assign(cmp, expr) => {
-                cg.add(" ");
-                cg.add(cmp);
-                expr.gen_rust(ctx, cg);
-            }
             Postfix::Increment => cg.add("+=1"),
             Postfix::Decrement => cg.add("-=1"),
         }

crates/codegen/src/fmt/expr.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+use mist_parser::ast::*;
+
+use crate::fmt::{Context, GenMist, GetMist, MistCodegen};
+
+impl GenMist for Expression {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        let ensure_semicolon = if ctx.expr_ensure_semicolon {
+            ctx.expr_ensure_semicolon = false;
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        };
+
+        match self {
+            Expression::Path(path) => cg.add(&path.get_mist()),
+            Expression::Literal(literal) => literal.gen_mist(ctx, cg),
+            Expression::Statement(stmt) => stmt.gen_mist(ctx, cg),
+            Expression::Array(values) => {
+                cg.add("[");
+                for (i, val) in values.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        cg.add(", ");
+                    }
+                    val.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+                cg.add("]");
+            }
+            Expression::ArrayRepeat(value, repeat) => {
+                cg.add("[");
+                value.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add("; ");
+                repeat.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add("]");
+            }
+            Expression::Fix {
+                initial,
+                prefixes,
+                postfixes,
+            } => {
+                for prefix in prefixes {
+                    prefix.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+                initial.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                for postfix in postfixes {
+                    postfix.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+            }
+            Expression::Binary { lhs, op, rhs } => {
+                lhs.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add(" ");
+                cg.add(op);
+                cg.add(" ");
+                rhs.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+            }
+            Expression::Closure {
+                return_type,
+                params,
+                body,
+            } => {
+                cg.add("(");
+                for (i, arg) in params.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        cg.add(", ");
+                    }
+                    arg.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+                cg.add(") => ");
+
+                if let Some(ty) = return_type {
+                    cg.add(&ty.get_mist());
+                    cg.add(" ");
+                    cg.ensure_brackets_expr(ctx, body);
+                } else {
+                    body.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ensure_semicolon {
+            ctx.expr_ensure_semicolon = true;
+            if !self.is_block() {
+                cg.add(";");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenMist for Prefix {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, _ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        match self {
+            Self::Deref => cg.add("*"),
+            Self::Ref => cg.add("&"),
+            Self::RefMut => cg.add("&mut "),
+            Self::Not => cg.add("!"),
+            Self::Neg => cg.add("-"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenMist for Postfix {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        match self {
+            Postfix::TupleFieldAccess(field, generics) => {
+                cg.add(&format!(
+                    ".{}{}",
+                    field,
+                    generics
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|v| format!("::{}", v.get_mist()))
+                        .collect::<String>()
+                ));
+            }
+            Postfix::FieldAccess(field, generics) => {
+                cg.add(&format!(
+                    ".{}{}",
+                    field.get_mist(),
+                    generics
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|v| format!("::{}", v.get_mist()))
+                        .collect::<String>()
+                ));
+            }
+            Postfix::Call(args) => {
+                cg.add("(");
+                for (i, arg) in args.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        cg.add(", ");
+                    }
+                    arg.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+                cg.add(")");
+            }
+            Postfix::MacroCall { inner, delimiter } => {
+                let (open, close) = match delimiter {
+                    MacroDelimiter::Paren => ("!(", ")"),
+                    MacroDelimiter::Bracket => ("![", "]"),
+                    MacroDelimiter::Brace => ("!{", "}"),
+                };
+                cg.add(open);
+                cg.add(inner);
+                cg.add(close);
+            }
+            Postfix::StructCall(fields) => {
+                cg.addln(" {");
+                cg.indent += 1;
+                for (name, expr) in fields {
+                    cg.add_indented(&name.get_mist());
+                    if let Some(expr) = expr {
+                        cg.add(": ");
+                        expr.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                    }
+                    cg.addln(",");
+                }
+                cg.indent -= 1;
+                cg.add_indented("}");
+            }
+            Postfix::Index(idx) => {
+                cg.add("[");
+                idx.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add("]");
+            }
+            Postfix::As(ty) => {
+                cg.add(" as ");
+                cg.add(&ty.get_mist());
+            }
+            Postfix::Try => cg.add("?"),
+            Postfix::Increment => cg.add("++"),
+            Postfix::Decrement => cg.add("--"),
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/codegen/src/fmt/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+pub mod expr;
+pub mod statement;
+pub mod top_level;
+
+use mist_parser::{MistFmtConfig, ast::*};
+
+pub struct Context {
+    pub expr_ensure_semicolon: bool,
+}
+
+pub struct MistCodegen {
+    config: MistFmtConfig,
+    indent_amount: u8,
+    output: String,
+    indent: usize,
+}
+
+impl MistCodegen {
+    pub fn new(config: MistFmtConfig) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            config,
+            output: String::new(),
+            indent: 0,
+            indent_amount: 4,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn indent_str(&self) -> String {
+        " ".repeat(self.indent_amount as usize).repeat(self.indent)
+    }
+
+    pub fn add(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        self.output.push_str(s);
+    }
+
+    pub fn addln(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        self.add(s);
+        self.add("\n");
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_indented(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        let line = format!("{}{}", self.indent_str(), s);
+        self.add(&line);
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_indentedln(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        let line = format!("{}{}\n", self.indent_str(), s);
+        self.add(&line);
+    }
+
+    pub fn start_indent(&mut self) {
+        if self.config.allman_bracket_style {
+            self.addln("");
+            self.add_indented("");
+        } else {
+            self.add(" ");
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn start_bracket(&mut self) {
+        if self.config.allman_bracket_style {
+            self.addln("");
+            self.add_indentedln("{");
+        } else {
+            self.addln(" {");
+        }
+
+        self.indent += 1;
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_output(self) -> String {
+        self.output
+    }
+
+    pub fn generate(&mut self, toplevels: Vec<TopLevel>) -> String {
+        let mut ctx = Context {
+            expr_ensure_semicolon: true,
+        };
+
+        for (i, tl) in toplevels.iter().enumerate() {
+            if i > 0 {
+                self.add("\n");
+            }
+            tl.gen_mist(&mut ctx, self);
+        }
+
+        self.output.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn ensure_brackets(&mut self, ctx: &mut Context, stmt: &Box<Statement>) {
+        match &**stmt {
+            Statement::Block(_) => stmt.gen_mist(ctx, self),
+            _ => {
+                self.add("{");
+                self.indent += 1;
+                stmt.gen_mist(ctx, self);
+                self.indent -= 1;
+                self.add_indented("}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn ensure_brackets_expr(&mut self, ctx: &mut Context, expr: &Expression) {
+        match expr {
+            Expression::Statement(stmt) => self.ensure_brackets(ctx, stmt),
+            _ => {
+                self.add("{");
+                self.indent += 1;
+                expr.gen_mist(ctx, self);
+                self.indent -= 1;
+                self.add_indented("}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait GenMist {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen);
+}
+
+pub trait GetMist {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String;
+}
+
+impl GetMist for Path {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        self.0
+            .iter()
+            .map(Identifier::get_mist)
+            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+            .join("::")
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for Identifier {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        self.0.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for Visibility {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Visibility::Public => "pub ".to_string(),
+            Visibility::PublicTarget(path) => format!("pub({}) ", path.get_mist()),
+            Visibility::Private => "".to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for TypeExpr {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Path(path, generics) => {
+                if let Some(generics) = generics {
+                    format!("{}{}", path.get_mist(), generics.get_mist())
+                } else {
+                    path.get_mist()
+                }
+            }
+            Self::Lifetime(name) => format!("'{}", name.get_mist()),
+            Self::Tuple(types) => format!(
+                "({})",
+                types
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|t| t.get_mist())
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    .join(", ")
+            ),
+            Self::StaticFn(types, return_type) => {
+                if let Some(return_type) = return_type {
+                    format!(
+                        "fn({}) -> {}",
+                        types
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|t| t.get_mist())
+                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                            .join(", "),
+                        return_type.get_mist()
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    format!(
+                        "fn({})",
+                        types
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|t| t.get_mist())
+                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                            .join(", "),
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+            Self::UnsafePtr { mutable, ty } => {
+                let mutable = if *mutable { "mut " } else { "const " };
+                format!("{} {mutable} unsafe&", ty.get_mist())
+            }
+            Self::Ref {
+                lifetime,
+                mutable,
+                ty,
+            } => {
+                let base = ty.get_mist();
+                if let Some(lifetime) = lifetime {
+                    format!(
+                        "{} {} '{}&",
+                        base,
+                        if *mutable { "mut" } else { "" },
+                        lifetime.get_mist()
+                    )
+                } else if *mutable {
+                    format!("{} mut&", base)
+                } else {
+                    format!("{}&", base)
+                }
+            }
+            Self::Dyn(ty) => {
+                format!("dyn {}", ty.get_mist())
+            }
+            Self::Void => "void".to_string(),
+            Self::Fn {
+                kind,
+                return_type,
+                params,
+            } => {
+                format!(
+                    "{} {}({})",
+                    return_type.get_mist(),
+                    kind.get_mist(),
+                    params
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(TypeExpr::get_mist)
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                        .join(", ")
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for FnKind {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Fn => "fn",
+            Self::UnsafeFn => "unsafe fn",
+            Self::FnClosure => "Fn",
+            Self::FnMut => "FnMut",
+            Self::FnOnce => "FnOnce",
+        }
+        .to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for ExprPath {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        self.0
+            .iter()
+            .map(ExprPathSegment::get_mist)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join("::")
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for ExprPathSegment {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{}{}",
+            self.ident.get_mist(),
+            self.generics
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|v| format!("::{}", v.get_mist()))
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for Generics {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        if self.0.is_empty() {
+            String::new()
+        } else {
+            format!(
+                "<{}>",
+                self.0
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(Generic::get_mist)
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    .join(", ")
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for Generic {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Lifetime(name) => format!("'{}", name.get_mist()),
+            Self::Type(ty) => ty.get_mist(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for GenericsDecl {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        if self.0.is_empty() {
+            String::new()
+        } else {
+            format!(
+                "<{}>",
+                self.0
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|v| v.get_mist())
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    .join(", ")
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for GenericDecl {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            GenericDecl::Lifetime(name) => format!("'{}", name.get_mist()),
+            GenericDecl::Type(name, requirements) => {
+                name.get_mist()
+                    + &(if !requirements.is_empty() {
+                        format!(
+                            ": {}",
+                            requirements
+                                .iter()
+                                .map(TypeExpr::get_mist)
+                                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                                .join(" + ")
+                        )
+                    } else {
+                        String::new()
+                    })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: GetMist> GenMist for T {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, _: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        cg.add(&self.get_mist());
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: GenMist> GenMist for Spanned<T> {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        self.item.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenMist for Attribute {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        match self {
+            Self::Path(path) => cg.add(&path.get_mist()),
+            Self::NameValue { path, value } => {
+                cg.add(&format!("{} = ", path.get_mist()));
+                value.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+            }
+            Self::List { path, items } => {
+                cg.add(&path.get_mist());
+                cg.add("(");
+                for (i, item) in items.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        cg.add(", ");
+                    }
+                    item.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+                cg.add(")");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenMist for Pattern {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        match self {
+            Self::Etc => cg.add(".."),
+            Self::Literal(lit) => lit.gen_mist(ctx, cg),
+            Self::Path(mutable, path) => {
+                if *mutable {
+                    cg.add("mut ");
+                }
+                cg.add(&path.get_mist())
+            }
+            Self::Struct(path, inner) => {
+                cg.add(&path.get_mist());
+                cg.add(" {");
+                for (idx, i) in inner.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if idx > 0 {
+                        cg.add(", ");
+                    }
+                    if let Some((name, pat)) = i {
+                        cg.add(&name.get_mist());
+                        if let Some(pat) = pat {
+                            cg.add(": ");
+                            pat.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        cg.add("..");
+                    }
+                }
+                cg.add("}");
+            }
+            Self::NamedTuple(path, inner) => {
+                cg.add(&path.get_mist());
+                cg.add("(");
+                for (i, pat) in inner.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        cg.add(", ");
+                    }
+                    pat.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+                cg.add(")");
+            }
+            Self::Tuple(inner) => {
+                cg.add("(");
+                for (i, pat) in inner.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        cg.add(", ");
+                    }
+                    pat.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+                cg.add(")");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenMist for Literal {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        match self {
+            Self::Int(n) => cg.add(&n.to_string()),
+            Self::Float(n) => cg.add(&format!("{n:?}")),
+            Self::Bool(b) => cg.add(&b.to_string()),
+            Self::String(s) => cg.add(&format!("\"{s}\"")),
+            Self::Tuple(values) => {
+                cg.add("(");
+                for (i, val) in values.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        cg.add(", ");
+                    }
+                    val.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+                cg.add(")");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/codegen/src/fmt/statement.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+use mist_parser::ast::*;
+
+use crate::fmt::{Context, GenMist, GetMist, MistCodegen};
+
+impl GenMist for Block {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        cg.addln("{");
+        cg.indent += 1;
+
+        for stmt in &self.statements {
+            ctx.expr_ensure_semicolon = true;
+            cg.add_indented("");
+            stmt.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+            cg.addln("");
+        }
+
+        if let Some(soft_return) = &self.soft_return {
+            ctx.expr_ensure_semicolon = false;
+            cg.add_indented("");
+            soft_return.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+            cg.addln("");
+        }
+
+        cg.indent -= 1;
+        cg.add_indented("}");
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenMist for Statement {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        match self {
+            Statement::UnsafeBlock(block) => {
+                cg.add("unsafe ");
+                block.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+            }
+            Statement::Block(block) => block.gen_mist(ctx, cg),
+            Statement::VarDecl(VarDeclStmt { decl, init }) => {
+                if decl.type_.is_some() {
+                    cg.add(&decl.type_.as_ref().unwrap().get_mist());
+                    cg.add(" ");
+                    decl.name.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                } else {
+                    cg.add("let ");
+                    decl.name.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+                if let Some(init) = init {
+                    cg.add(" = ");
+                    init.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+            }
+            Statement::Match(expr, match_items) => {
+                cg.add("match ");
+                expr.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add(" {");
+                if !match_items.is_empty() {
+                    cg.addln("");
+                    cg.indent += 1;
+                    for match_item in match_items {
+                        let MatchItem(pat, body) = &match_item.item;
+                        cg.add_indented("");
+                        for (i, p) in pat.iter().enumerate() {
+                            if i > 0 {
+                                cg.add(" | ");
+                            }
+                            p.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                        }
+                        cg.add(" => ");
+                        if body.is_block() {
+                            body.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                            cg.addln("");
+                        } else {
+                            ctx.expr_ensure_semicolon = false;
+                            body.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                            cg.addln(",");
+                        }
+                    }
+                    cg.indent -= 1;
+                    cg.add_indented("}");
+                } else {
+                    cg.add("}");
+                }
+            }
+            Statement::If {
+                initial,
+                else_if,
+                else_branch,
+            } => {
+                cg.add("if ");
+                ctx.expr_ensure_semicolon = false;
+                initial.condition.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add(" ");
+                initial.body.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+
+                for else_if_branch in else_if {
+                    cg.add(" else if ");
+                    ctx.expr_ensure_semicolon = false;
+                    else_if_branch.condition.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                    cg.add(" ");
+                    else_if_branch.body.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+
+                if let Some(else_br) = else_branch {
+                    cg.add(" else ");
+                    else_br.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+            }
+            Statement::While(StatementBranch { condition, body }) => {
+                cg.add("while ");
+                condition.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add(" ");
+                body.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+            }
+            Statement::Loop(body) => {
+                cg.add("loop ");
+                body.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+            }
+            Statement::CStyleFor {
+                init,
+                condition,
+                update,
+                body,
+            } => {
+                cg.add("for (");
+                ctx.expr_ensure_semicolon = true;
+                init.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add(" ");
+                ctx.expr_ensure_semicolon = false;
+                condition.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add(" ");
+                update.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add(") ");
+                body.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+            }
+            Statement::For {
+                pattern,
+                iterator,
+                body,
+            } => {
+                cg.add("for ");
+                pattern.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add(" in ");
+                iterator.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.add(" ");
+                body.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+            }
+            Statement::Return(expr) => {
+                cg.add("return");
+                if let Some(expr) = expr {
+                    cg.add(" ");
+                    expr.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+            }
+            Statement::Break => cg.add("break"),
+            Statement::Continue => cg.add("continue"),
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/codegen/src/fmt/top_level.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+use mist_parser::ast::*;
+
+use crate::fmt::{Context, GenMist, GetMist, MistCodegen};
+
+impl GenMist for ImplDecl {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        cg.add_indented("impl ");
+        let generics = self.generics.get_mist();
+        if !generics.is_empty() {
+            cg.add(&generics);
+            cg.add(" ");
+        }
+        if let Some(trait_) = &self.trait_ {
+            cg.add(&trait_.get_mist());
+            cg.add(" for ");
+        }
+
+        cg.add(&self.target.get_mist());
+
+        cg.start_bracket();
+
+        for method in &self.methods {
+            method.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+        }
+
+        cg.indent -= 1;
+        cg.add_indentedln("}");
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenMist for FunctionDecl {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        cg.add_indented(&self.visibility.get_mist());
+
+        if self.return_type.is_none() {
+            cg.add("void ");
+        } else {
+            cg.add(&self.return_type.as_ref().unwrap().get_mist());
+            cg.add(" ");
+        }
+
+        cg.add(&self.name.get_mist());
+        cg.add(&self.generics.get_mist());
+        cg.add("(");
+
+        if let Some((is_ref, lifetime, is_mut)) = &self.self_param {
+            if *is_ref {
+                cg.add("&");
+            }
+            if let Some(lifetime) = lifetime {
+                cg.add(&format!("'{} ", lifetime.0));
+            }
+            if *is_mut {
+                cg.add("mut ");
+            }
+            cg.add("self");
+            if !self.params.0.is_empty() {
+                cg.add(", ");
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (i, param) in self.params.0.iter().enumerate() {
+            if i > 0 {
+                cg.add(", ");
+            }
+            param.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+        }
+
+        cg.add(")");
+
+        if let Some(override_spec) = &self.is_override {
+            cg.add(" override");
+            if let Some(path) = &override_spec.0 {
+                cg.add("(");
+                cg.add(&path.get_mist());
+                cg.add(")");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(body) = &self.body {
+            cg.start_indent();
+            body.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+            cg.addln("");
+        } else {
+            cg.addln(";");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenMist for ParamList {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        for (i, param) in self.0.iter().enumerate() {
+            if i > 0 {
+                cg.add(", ");
+            }
+            param.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenMist for VarDecl {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        if let Some(type_) = &self.type_ {
+            cg.add(&type_.get_mist());
+            cg.add(" ");
+        }
+        self.name.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for FieldDecl {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{}{} {}",
+            self.visibility.get_mist(),
+            self.type_.get_mist(),
+            self.name.get_mist(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetMist for EnumItem {
+    fn get_mist(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Named(id) => id.get_mist(),
+            Self::Struct(id, s) => format!(
+                "{} {{{}}}",
+                id.get_mist(),
+                s.iter()
+                    .map(FieldDecl::get_mist)
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    .join(", ")
+            ),
+            Self::Tuple(id, t) => format!(
+                "{}({})",
+                id.get_mist(),
+                t.iter()
+                    .map(TypeExpr::get_mist)
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    .join(", ")
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenMist for TopLevel {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        if let TopLevelKind::ModAttribute = self.0.item {
+            for attr in &self.1 {
+                cg.add("#![");
+                attr.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.addln("]");
+            }
+        } else {
+            for attr in &self.1 {
+                cg.add("#[");
+                attr.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                cg.addln("]");
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.0.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+    }
+}
+
+impl GenMist for TopLevelKind {
+    fn gen_mist(&self, ctx: &mut Context, cg: &mut MistCodegen) {
+        match self {
+            Self::ModAttribute => {}
+            Self::Import(vis, path) => {
+                cg.addln(&format!("{}use {};", vis.get_mist(), path.get_mist()))
+            }
+            Self::DeclareModule(vis, name) => {
+                cg.addln(&format!("{}module {};", vis.get_mist(), name.get_mist()))
+            }
+            Self::FunctionDecl(decl) => decl.gen_mist(ctx, cg),
+            Self::ImplDecl(impl_) => impl_.gen_mist(ctx, cg),
+            Self::StructDecl {
+                visibility,
+                name,
+                generics,
+                fields,
+            } => {
+                cg.add(&format!(
+                    "{}struct {}{}",
+                    visibility.get_mist(),
+                    name.get_mist(),
+                    generics.get_mist()
+                ));
+
+                if fields.is_empty() {
+                    cg.add(" {}");
+                } else {
+                    cg.start_bracket();
+
+                    for field in fields {
+                        cg.add_indentedln(&format!("{},", field.item.get_mist()));
+                    }
+
+                    cg.indent -= 1;
+                    cg.add_indented("}");
+                }
+
+                cg.addln("");
+            }
+            Self::EnumDecl {
+                visibility,
+                name,
+                generics,
+                fields,
+            } => {
+                cg.add(&format!(
+                    "{}enum {}{}",
+                    visibility.get_mist(),
+                    name.get_mist(),
+                    generics.get_mist()
+                ));
+
+                if fields.is_empty() {
+                    cg.add(" {}");
+                } else {
+                    cg.start_bracket();
+
+                    for field in fields {
+                        cg.add_indentedln(&format!("{},", field.item.get_mist()));
+                    }
+
+                    cg.indent -= 1;
+                    cg.add_indented("}");
+                }
+
+                cg.addln("");
+            }
+            Self::TraitDecl {
+                visibility,
+                name,
+                generics,
+                requirements,
+                items,
+            } => {
+                cg.add(&format!(
+                    "{}trait {}{}",
+                    visibility.get_mist(),
+                    name.get_mist(),
+                    generics.get_mist()
+                ));
+                if !requirements.is_empty() {
+                    cg.add(" : ");
+                    cg.add(
+                        &requirements
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(TypeExpr::get_mist)
+                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                            .join(" + "),
+                    );
+                }
+                cg.start_bracket();
+                for item in items {
+                    item.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                }
+                cg.indent -= 1;
+                cg.add_indentedln("}");
+            }
+            Self::ClassDecl {
+                visibility,
+                name,
+                generics,
+                inherits,
+                fields,
+                constructor,
+                items,
+            } => {
+                cg.add(&format!(
+                    "{}class {}{}",
+                    visibility.get_mist(),
+                    name.get_mist(),
+                    generics.get_mist()
+                ));
+                if let Some(inherits) = inherits {
+                    cg.add(" : ");
+                    cg.add(&inherits.get_mist());
+                }
+
+                cg.start_bracket();
+
+                for field in fields {
+                    cg.add_indented(&field.item.decl.get_mist());
+                    if let Some(init) = &field.item.init {
+                        cg.add(" = ");
+                        init.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                    }
+                    cg.addln(";");
+                }
+
+                if let Some(constructor) = constructor {
+                    if fields.len() > 0 {
+                        cg.addln("");
+                    }
+
+                    cg.add_indented(&constructor.item.visibility.get_mist());
+                    cg.add("constructor");
+                    cg.add(&constructor.item.generics.get_mist());
+                    cg.add("(");
+                    for (i, param) in constructor.item.params.0.iter().enumerate() {
+                        if i > 0 {
+                            cg.add(", ");
+                        }
+                        param.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                    }
+                    cg.add(") ");
+                    cg.start_indent();
+                    constructor.item.body.gen_mist(ctx, cg);
+                    cg.addln("");
+
+                    if items.len() > 0 {
+                        cg.addln("");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (i, item) in items.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        cg.addln("");
+                    }
+
+                    match item {
+                        ClassItem::Method(method) => method.gen_mist(ctx, cg),
+                        ClassItem::ImplDecl(impl_) => impl_.gen_mist(ctx, cg),
+                    }
+                }
+
+                cg.indent -= 1;
+                cg.add_indentedln("}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/codegen/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 pub mod class_decl;
 pub mod expr;
+pub mod fmt;
 pub mod statement;
 pub mod top_level;
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ impl RustCodegen {
         "    ".repeat(self.indent)
     }
 
-    fn add(&mut self, s: &str) {
+    pub fn add(&mut self, s: &str) {
         let newline_count = bytecount::count(s.as_bytes(), b'\n');
 
         if newline_count == 0 {
@@ -63,17 +64,17 @@ impl RustCodegen {
         self.output.push_str(s);
     }
 
-    fn addln(&mut self, s: &str) {
+    pub fn addln(&mut self, s: &str) {
         self.add(s);
         self.add("\n");
     }
 
-    fn add_indented(&mut self, s: &str) {
+    pub fn add_indented(&mut self, s: &str) {
         let line = format!("{}{}", self.indent_str(), s);
         self.add(&line);
     }
 
-    fn add_indentedln(&mut self, s: &str) {
+    pub fn add_indentedln(&mut self, s: &str) {
         let line = format!("{}{}\n", self.indent_str(), s);
         self.add(&line);
     }
@@ -246,23 +247,12 @@ impl GetRust for TypeExpr {
                 ty,
             } => {
                 if let Some(lifetime) = lifetime {
-                    match lifetime {
-                        Lifetime::Lifetime(v) => {
                     format!(
                         "&'{} {}{}",
-                                v.get_rust(),
+                        lifetime.get_rust(),
                         if *mutable { "mut " } else { "" },
                         ty.get_rust()
                     )
-                        }
-                        Lifetime::Unsafe => {
-                            format!(
-                                "*{} {}",
-                                if *mutable { "mut" } else { "const" },
-                                ty.get_rust()
-                            )
-                        }
-                    }
                 } else {
                     format!("&{}{}", if *mutable { "mut " } else { "" }, ty.get_rust())
                 }
@@ -271,8 +261,38 @@ impl GetRust for TypeExpr {
             Self::Dyn(ty) => {
                 format!("dyn {}", ty.get_rust())
             }
+            Self::Void => "()".to_string(),
+            Self::Fn {
+                kind,
+                return_type,
+                params,
+            } => {
+                format!(
+                    "{}({}) -> {}",
+                    kind.get_rust(),
+                    params
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(TypeExpr::get_rust)
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                        .join(", "),
+                    return_type.get_rust(),
+                )
             }
         }
+    }
+}
+
+impl GetRust for FnKind {
+    fn get_rust(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Fn => "fn",
+            Self::UnsafeFn => "unsafe fn",
+            Self::FnClosure => "Fn",
+            Self::FnMut => "FnMut",
+            Self::FnOnce => "FnOnce",
+        }
+        .to_string()
+    }
 }
 
 impl GenRust for Pattern {

crates/codegen/src/top_level.rs

@@ -80,6 +80,22 @@ impl GenRust for FunctionDecl {
             self.generics.get_rust(),
         ));
 
+        if let Some((is_ref, lifetime, is_mut)) = &self.self_param {
+            if *is_ref {
+                cg.add("&");
+            }
+
+            if let Some(lifetime) = lifetime {
+                cg.add(&format!("'{} ", lifetime.0));
+            }
+
+            if *is_mut {
+                cg.add("mut ");
+            }
+
+            cg.add("self,");
+        }
+
         for (i, param) in self.params.0.iter().enumerate() {
             if i > 0 {
                 cg.add(", ");

crates/mist-api/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "mist-api"
-version = "0.3.5-alpha.0"
+version = "0.3.7-alpha.0"
 edition = "2024"
 description = "The Mist programming language module system"
 license = "Apache-2.0"

crates/mist-api/src/builder.mist

@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ use mist_parser::rev_mapper;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct MistDiagnosticMessage {
-    pub message String,
-    pub file_path PathBuf,
-    pub file_name String ,
-    pub line usize,
-    pub column usize,
+    pub String message,
+    pub PathBuf file_path,
+    pub String file_name,
+    pub usize line,
+    pub usize column,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub enum MistDiagnostic {
     Rust(CompilerMessage),
 }
 
-pub fn bool build(mut args Vec<String>, root PathBuf) {
+pub bool build(Vec<String> mut args, PathBuf root) {
     args.remove(0);
     args.insert(1, "--message-format=json".to_string());
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn bool build(mut args Vec<String>, root PathBuf) {
                             break;
                         }
 
-                        let map = mapping.entry(mapping_path.clone()).or_insert_with(fn() {
+                        let map = mapping.entry(mapping_path.clone()).or_insert_with(() => {
                             let map_str = fs::read_to_string(mapping_path).expect("Failed to read map file");
 
                             serde_json::from_str<rev_mapper::Mapping>(&map_str).expect("Failed to parse map file")
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ pub fn bool build(mut args Vec<String>, root PathBuf) {
                 let mut stdout = std::io::stdout();
 
                 std::io::copy(&mut raw_reader, &mut stdout)
-                    .map_err(fn(v) -> v.to_string())
+                    .map_err((v) => v.to_string())
                     .expect("(Mist) Failed to copy IO");
 
                 command.wait().unwrap();
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub fn bool build(mut args Vec<String>, root PathBuf) {
     false
 }
 
-pub fn void print_diagnostics(diagnostics *Vec<MistDiagnostic>) {
+pub void print_diagnostics(Vec<MistDiagnostic>& diagnostics) {
     let mut files = HashMap::new();
 
     for diag in diagnostics {
@@ -159,13 +159,13 @@ pub fn void print_diagnostics(diagnostics *Vec<MistDiagnostic>) {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn Option<String> get_line(
-    files *mut HashMap<PathBuf, Vec<String>>,
-    msg *MistDiagnosticMessage,
+pub Option<String> get_line(
+    HashMap<PathBuf, Vec<String>> mut& files,
+    MistDiagnosticMessage& msg,
 ) {
     let src_path = msg.file_path.clone();
 
-    let lines = files.entry(src_path.clone()).or_insert_with(fn() {
+    let lines = files.entry(src_path.clone()).or_insert_with(() => {
         fs::read_to_string(src_path)
             .expect("Unable to read mist file")
             .lines()
@@ -174,5 +174,5 @@ pub fn Option<String> get_line(
             .collect()
     });
 
-    lines.get(msg.line - 1).map(fn(v) -> v.trim().to_string())
+    lines.get(msg.line - 1).map((v) => v.trim().to_string())
 }

crates/mist-api/src/modules.mist

@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ use crate::transpiler::MistConfig;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub class Module {
-    pub name String;
-    pub path PathBuf;
-    pub children Vec<Module>;
+    pub String name;
+    pub PathBuf path;
+    pub Vec<Module> children;
 
-    pub constructor(mist_path PathBuf, config *MistConfig) {
+    pub constructor(PathBuf mist_path, MistConfig& config) {
         self.children = Vec::new();
         self.name = mist_path.file_stem()
-            .and_then(fn(s) -> s.to_str())
+            .and_then((s) => s.to_str())
             .expect("Failed to get module name")
             .to_string();
         self.path = mist_path;
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub class Module {
         }
     }
 
-    fn void scan_directory(*mut self, search_dir *Path, config *MistConfig) {
+    void scan_directory(&mut self, Path& search_dir, MistConfig& config) {
         let entries = match fs::read_dir(search_dir) {
             Ok(entries) => entries;
             Err(e) => {
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ pub class Module {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn bool is_package(*self) {
-        self.path.file_name().map(fn(v) -> v.to_str()).unwrap_or_default() == Some("package.mist")
+    pub bool is_package(&self) {
+        self.path.file_name().map((v) => v.to_str()).unwrap_or_default() == Some("package.mist")
     }
 
-    pub fn PathBuf output_dir(*self, parent_dir *PathBuf) {
+    pub PathBuf output_dir(&self, PathBuf& parent_dir) {
         if self.path.is_dir() || self.is_package() {
             parent_dir.join(&self.name)
         } else {
@@ -77,7 +77,13 @@ pub class Module {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn PathBuf output_path(*self, parent_dir *PathBuf, curr_mod_decl *Option<(mist_parser::ast::Visibility, mist_parser::ast::Identifier)>) {
+    pub PathBuf output_path(&self,
+            PathBuf& parent_dir,
+            Option<(
+                mist_parser::ast::Visibility, 
+                mist_parser::ast::Identifier
+            )>& curr_mod_decl
+        ) {
         let name = if let Some((_, name)) = curr_mod_decl {
             &name.0
         } else {

crates/mist-api/src/transpiler.mist

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct MistConfig {
-    pub package PathBuf,
-    pub packages Vec<PathBuf>,
-    pub main_mods String
+    pub PathBuf package,
+    pub Vec<PathBuf> packages,
+    pub String main_mods
 }
 
 impl MistConfig {
-    pub fn bool should_ignore(*self, path *Path) {
+    pub bool should_ignore(&self, Path& path) {
         if path == self.package {
             return true;
         }
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl MistConfig {
     }
 }
 impl Default for MistConfig {
-    fn Self default() {
+ Self default() {
         Self {
             package: PathBuf::from("main.mist"),
             packages: Vec::new(),
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl Default for MistConfig {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn PathBuf transpile() {
+pub PathBuf transpile() {
     let start = time::Instant::now();
 
     let root = env::current_dir().expect("Unable to find project root");
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ pub fn PathBuf transpile() {
     let out = root.join(".mist/src");
 
     let toml_content = fs::read_to_string(&toml_path)
-        .unwrap_or_else(fn(_) -> panic!("Could not read file at {:?}", toml_path));
+        .unwrap_or_else((_) => panic!("Could not read file at {:?}", toml_path));
 
-    let mut config MistConfig = toml::from_str(&toml_content)
-        .unwrap_or_else(fn(_) -> panic!("Failed to parse Mist.toml from {:?}", toml_path));
+    MistConfig mut config = toml::from_str(&toml_content)
+        .unwrap_or_else((_) => panic!("Failed to parse Mist.toml from {:?}", toml_path));
     
     for pkg in &mut config.packages {
         *pkg = src.join(&*pkg);
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ pub fn PathBuf transpile() {
 }
 
 impl modules::Module {
-    fn (bool, String) transpile(*self, parent_dir *PathBuf, config *mut MistConfig) {
-        if !self.path.is_dir() && self.path.extension().and_then(fn(v) -> v.to_str()) != Some("mist") {
+    (bool, String) transpile(&self, PathBuf& parent_dir, MistConfig mut& config) {
+        if !self.path.is_dir() && self.path.extension().and_then((v) => v.to_str()) != Some("mist") {
             let file_name = self.path.file_name()
-                .and_then(fn(s) -> s.to_str())
+                .and_then((s) => s.to_str())
                 .expect("Failed to get file name");
 
             fs::copy(&self.path, parent_dir.join(&file_name)).expect("Failed to copy SideFile");
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ impl modules::Module {
         self.write_transpile(output, parent_dir, child_changed)
     }
 
-    fn (bool, String) write_transpile(*self, output String, parent_dir *PathBuf, child_changed bool) {
+    (bool, String) write_transpile(&self, String output, PathBuf& parent_dir, bool child_changed) {
         if self.path.is_dir() {
             let output_file = self.output_path(parent_dir, &None);
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl modules::Module {
     }
 }
 
-fn std::io::Result<bool> is_source_newer(source *Path, output *Path) {
+std::io::Result<bool> is_source_newer(Path& source, Path& output) {
     if !output.exists() {
         return Ok(true);
     }
@@ -186,16 +186,22 @@ fn std::io::Result<bool> is_source_newer(source *Path, output *Path) {
 }
 
 pub enum TranspileError<'a> {
-    Parse(error::ParseError<'a, Vec<mist_parser::ast::TopLevel>>),
+    Parse(error::ParseError<'a>),
     Semantic(Vec<mist_parser::semantics::SemanticError>)
 }
 
-pub fn Result<(PathBuf, mist_codegen::RustCodegen, String), TranspileError<'a>>
-    transpile_code<'a>(path *PathBuf, source *'a str, mut output_file PathBuf, mod_decl *str, curr_mod_decl *Option<(mist_parser::ast::Visibility, mist_parser::ast::Identifier)>) {
+pub Result<(PathBuf, mist_codegen::RustCodegen, String), TranspileError<'a>>
+    transpile_code<'a>(
+            PathBuf& path,
+            str 'a& source,
+            PathBuf mut output_file,
+            str& mod_decl,
+            Option<(mist_parser::ast::Visibility, mist_parser::ast::Identifier)>& curr_mod_decl
+    ) {
 
     if let Some((_, name)) = &curr_mod_decl {
-        if output_file.file_name().map(fn(v) -> v.to_str()).unwrap_or_default() != Some("mod.rs") {
-            if let Some(ext) = output_file.extension().map(fn(e) -> e.to_owned()) {
+        if output_file.file_name().map((v) => v.to_str()).unwrap_or_default() != Some("mod.rs") {
+            if let Some(ext) = output_file.extension().map((e) => e.to_owned()) {
                 let mut new_name = std::ffi::OsString::from(&name.0);
 
                 new_name.push(".");
@@ -212,18 +218,27 @@ pub fn Result<(PathBuf, mist_codegen::RustCodegen, String), TranspileError<'a>>
 
     let parsed = mist_parser::parse(source).map_err(TranspileError::Parse)?;
 
-    for i in &parsed {
+    for i in &parsed.items {
         let _ = mist_parser::semantics::check_class_semantics(i).map_err(TranspileError::Semantic)?;
     }
 
-    let output = gc.generate(parsed);
+    gc.generate(parsed.mod_attributes);
 
-    gc.mapping.shift_rust(mod_decl.lines().count() as isize, 0);
+    gc.add(mod_decl);
+
+    let output = gc.generate(parsed.items);
 
     Ok((output_file, gc, output))
 }
 
-pub fn void transpile_file(path *PathBuf, source *str, output_file PathBuf, mod_decl *str, curr_mod_decl *Option<(mist_parser::ast::Visibility, mist_parser::ast::Identifier)>) {
+pub void transpile_file(
+        PathBuf& path,
+        str& source,
+        PathBuf output_file,
+        str& mod_decl,
+        Option<(mist_parser::ast::Visibility, mist_parser::ast::Identifier)>& curr_mod_decl
+    ) {
+
     let (output_file, gc, output) = match transpile_code(path, source, output_file, mod_decl, curr_mod_decl) {
         Ok(output) => output;
         Err(e) => {
@@ -232,7 +247,7 @@ pub fn void transpile_file(path *PathBuf, source *str, output_file PathBuf, mod_
         }
     };
 
-    let res = fs::write(&output_file, format!("{mod_decl}{output}"));
+    let res = fs::write(&output_file, output);
 
     let output_file_map = output_file.with_extension("map.json");
 
@@ -259,7 +274,7 @@ pub fn void transpile_file(path *PathBuf, source *str, output_file PathBuf, mod_
     }
 }
 
-pub fn void decode_err<'a>(err *TranspileError<'a>, path *PathBuf) {
+pub void decode_err<'a>(TranspileError<'a>& err, PathBuf& path) {
     let curr_dir = std::env::current_dir().unwrap();
 
     match err {

crates/parser/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "mist-parser"
-version = "0.3.5-alpha.0"
+version = "0.3.7-alpha.0"
 edition = "2024"
 description = "The Mist programming language parser"
 license = "Apache-2.0"

crates/parser/src/ast/expr.rs

@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ pub enum Postfix {
         delimiter: MacroDelimiter,
     },
     StructCall(Vec<(Identifier, Option<Expression>)>),
-    Assign(String, Box<Expression>),
     Index(Expression),
     As(TypeExpr),
     Increment,

crates/parser/src/ast/mod.rs

@@ -18,15 +18,18 @@ pub struct Identifier(pub String);
 pub struct ParamList(pub Vec<VarDecl>);
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub enum Lifetime {
-    Lifetime(Identifier),
-    Unsafe,
+pub enum FnKind {
+    Fn,
+    UnsafeFn,
+    FnClosure,
+    FnOnce,
+    FnMut,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum TypeExpr {
     Ref {
-        lifetime: Option<Lifetime>,
+        lifetime: Option<Identifier>,
         mutable: bool,
         ty: Box<TypeExpr>,
     },
@@ -39,6 +42,12 @@ pub enum TypeExpr {
     StaticFn(Vec<TypeExpr>, Option<Box<TypeExpr>>),
     Tuple(Vec<TypeExpr>),
     Lifetime(Identifier),
+    Void,
+    Fn {
+        kind: FnKind,
+        return_type: Box<TypeExpr>,
+        params: Vec<TypeExpr>,
+    },
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]

crates/parser/src/ast/top_level.rs

@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ pub struct FunctionDecl {
     pub is_override: Option<Override>,
     pub name: Identifier,
     pub generics: GenericsDecl,
+    pub self_param: Option<(bool, Option<Identifier>, bool)>,
     pub params: ParamList,
     pub return_type: Option<TypeExpr>,
     pub body: Option<Block>,
@@ -125,18 +126,3 @@ pub struct FieldDeclStmt {
     pub decl: FieldDecl,
     pub init: Option<Expression>,
 }
-
-impl FunctionDecl {
-    pub fn is_using_self(&self) -> bool {
-        match self.params.0.get(0) {
-            Some(VarDecl { name, .. }) => {
-                if let Pattern::Path(_, v) = name {
-                    v.0.len() == 1 && v.0[0].0 == "self"
-                } else {
-                    false
-                }
-            }
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-}

crates/parser/src/error.rs

@@ -4,20 +4,19 @@ use pest::iterators::Pair;
 
 use crate::Rule;
 
-pub type AstResult<'a, T, ET = T> = Result<T, AstError<'a, ET>>;
+pub type AstResult<'a, T> = Result<T, AstError<'a>>;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum ParseError<'a, T> {
+pub enum ParseError<'a> {
     PreAst(pest::error::Error<Rule>),
-    Ast(AstError<'a, T>),
+    Ast(AstError<'a>),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct AstError<'a, T> {
+pub struct AstError<'a> {
     pub span: pest::Span<'a>,
     pub error_code: ErrorCode,
     pub error_message: String,
-    pub recovered: Option<T>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -27,30 +26,21 @@ pub enum ErrorCode {
     Module,
 }
 
-impl<T> From<pest::error::Error<Rule>> for ParseError<'_, T> {
+impl From<pest::error::Error<Rule>> for ParseError<'_> {
     fn from(value: pest::error::Error<Rule>) -> Self {
         Self::PreAst(value)
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> From<AstError<'a, T>> for ParseError<'a, T> {
-    fn from(value: AstError<'a, T>) -> Self {
+impl<'a> From<AstError<'a>> for ParseError<'a> {
+    fn from(value: AstError<'a>) -> Self {
         Self::Ast(value)
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, F> AstError<'a, F> {
-    pub fn get<T>(self) -> AstError<'a, T> {
-        AstError {
-            span: self.span,
-            error_code: self.error_code,
-            error_message: self.error_message,
-            recovered: None,
-        }
-    }
-
+impl<'a> AstError<'a> {
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn bug_unimplemented<T>(pair: Pair<'a, Rule>) -> AstResult<'a, T, F> {
+    pub fn bug_unimplemented<T>(pair: Pair<'a, Rule>) -> AstResult<'a, T> {
         let loc = std::panic::Location::caller();
 
         Err(Self {
@@ -62,7 +52,6 @@ impl<'a, F> AstError<'a, F> {
                 loc.file(),
                 loc.line(),
             ),
-            recovered: None,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -72,21 +61,6 @@ pub trait IntoErr<T, FA, FR> {
     fn get_map(self, m: impl Fn(FA) -> FR) -> T;
 }
 
-impl<'a, T, TE, TE2> IntoErr<AstResult<'a, T, TE2>, TE, TE2> for AstResult<'a, T, TE> {
-    fn get(self) -> AstResult<'a, T, TE2> {
-        self.map_err(AstError::get)
-    }
-
-    fn get_map(self, m: impl Fn(TE) -> TE2) -> AstResult<'a, T, TE2> {
-        self.map_err(|e| AstError {
-            span: e.span,
-            error_code: e.error_code,
-            error_message: e.error_message,
-            recovered: e.recovered.map(m),
-        })
-    }
-}
-
 pub trait GetLength {
     fn len(&self) -> usize;
 }
@@ -97,24 +71,24 @@ impl<T, E> GetLength for Result<Vec<T>, E> {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn collect_recovered<'a, T: Debug, ET>(
+pub fn collect_recovered<'a, T: Debug>(
     pairs: impl Iterator<Item = pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>>,
-) -> AstResult<'a, Vec<T>, Vec<T>>
+) -> AstResult<'a, Vec<T>>
 where
-    T: TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>, Error = AstError<'a, ET>>,
+    T: TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>, Error = AstError<'a>>,
 {
     collect_recovered_map(pairs, T::try_from)
 }
 
-pub fn collect_recovered_map<'a, T: Debug, F, ET>(
+pub fn collect_recovered_map<'a, T: Debug, F>(
     pairs: impl Iterator<Item = pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>>,
     f: F,
-) -> AstResult<'a, Vec<T>, Vec<T>>
+) -> AstResult<'a, Vec<T>>
 where
-    F: Fn(pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> AstResult<'a, T, ET>,
+    F: Fn(pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> AstResult<'a, T>,
 {
     let mut items = Vec::new();
-    let mut last_error: Option<AstError<'a, ET>> = None;
+    let mut last_error: Option<AstError<'a>> = None;
 
     for pair in pairs {
         match f(pair) {
@@ -130,39 +104,7 @@ where
             span: ast_err.span,
             error_code: ast_err.error_code,
             error_message: ast_err.error_message,
-            recovered: Some(items),
         }),
         None => Ok(items),
     }
 }
-
-pub struct AstErrorAnalyzer<'a, T>(pub Option<AstError<'a, T>>);
-
-impl<'a, T> AstErrorAnalyzer<'a, T> {
-    pub fn get<V: Clone, V2: Clone + Into<V>>(
-        &mut self,
-        r: AstResult<'a, V, V2>,
-    ) -> AstResult<'a, V, V2> {
-        if let Err(e) = r {
-            self.0 = Some(e.clone().get());
-
-            if let Some(recovered) = e.recovered {
-                Ok(recovered.into())
-            } else {
-                Err(e)
-            }
-        } else {
-            r
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn build(self, v: T) -> AstResult<'a, T> {
-        if let Some(mut e) = self.0 {
-            e.recovered = Some(v);
-
-            Err(e)
-        } else {
-            Ok(v)
-        }
-    }
-}

crates/parser/src/grammar.pest

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ COMMENT    = _{ "//" ~ (!"\n" ~ ANY)* }
 keyword = {
     "if"
   | "else"
+  | "fn"
   | "for"
   | "while"
   | "match"
@@ -30,7 +31,6 @@ keyword = {
   | "false"
   | "dyn"
   | "loop"
-  | "fn"
   | "unsafe"
   | "override"
 }
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ module_program = {
 
 visibility = { "pub" ~ ("(" ~ static_path ~ ")")? }
 mutable    = { "mut" }
-unsafe_kw    = { "unsafe" }
 
 // ======================================================
 // GENERICS
@@ -105,18 +104,42 @@ path_type = {
     static_path ~ generics?
 }
 
-ref_lifetime = { lifetime | unsafe_kw }
+unsafe_ref_type = {
+    mutable? ~ "unsafe" ~ "*"
+}
 
 ref_type = {
-    "*" ~ ref_lifetime? ~ mutable? ~ type_expr
+    mutable? ~ lifetime? ~ "&"
+}
+
+fn_kind_fn      = { "fn" }
+fn_kind_unsafe  = { "unsafe" ~ "fn" }
+fn_kind_closure = { "Fn" }
+fn_kind_once    = { "FnOnce" }
+fn_kind_mut     = { "FnMut" }
+
+fn_kind = _{
+    fn_kind_fn
+  | fn_kind_unsafe
+  | fn_kind_closure
+  | fn_kind_once
+  | fn_kind_mut
+}
+
+fn_type = {
+    fn_kind ~ "(" ~ (type_expr ~ ("," ~ type_expr)*)? ~ ")"
 }
 
 dyn_type = {
     "dyn" ~ type_expr
 }
 
+void_type = {
+    "void"
+}
+
 type_expr = {
-    (path_type | tuple_type | ref_type | dyn_type)
+    (void_type | path_type | tuple_type | dyn_type) ~ (unsafe_ref_type | ref_type | fn_type)*
 }
 
 lifetime = {
@@ -141,7 +164,7 @@ literal = {
 etc_pattern = { ".." }
 
 multi_pat_template = _{
-    ((pattern | etc_pattern) ~ ("," ~ (pattern | etc_pattern))*)?
+    ((pattern | etc_pattern) ~ ("," ~ (pattern | etc_pattern))* ~ ","?)?
 }
 
 tuple_pattern = {
@@ -200,15 +223,17 @@ attributes = {
 // DECLARATION HELPERS
 // ======================================================
 var_decl = {
-    "let" ~ pattern ~ type_expr?
+    ("let" ~ pattern)
+  | type_expr ~ (!tuple_pattern ~ pattern)
 }
 
 field = {
-    visibility? ~ identifier ~ type_expr
+    visibility? ~ type_expr ~ identifier
 }
 
 param = {
-    pattern ~ type_expr?
+    (type_expr ~ pattern)
+  | pattern
 }
 
 field_list = {
@@ -266,7 +291,7 @@ enum_fields = _{
 }
 
 enum_decl = {
-    visibility? ~ "enum" ~ identifier ~ generics_decl? ~ "{" ~ enum_fields ~ "}"
+    visibility? ~ "enum" ~ identifier ~ generics_decl? ~ "{" ~ enum_fields? ~ "}"
 }
 
 // ======================================================
@@ -286,7 +311,7 @@ class_field = {
 }
 
 self_param = {
-    (deref_px ~ lifetime?)? ~ mutable? ~ "self"
+    (ref_px ~ lifetime?)? ~ mutable? ~ "self"
 }
 
 method_args = _{
@@ -333,7 +358,7 @@ trait_decl = {
 override_kw = { "override" ~ ("(" ~ expr_path ~ ")")? }
 
 function_decl = {
-    visibility? ~ "fn" ~ ("void" | type_expr) ~ identifier ~ generics_decl? ~ "(" ~ method_args ~ ")" ~ override_kw? ~ (block | semicolon)
+    visibility? ~ ("void" | type_expr) ~ identifier ~ generics_decl? ~ "(" ~ method_args ~ ")" ~ override_kw? ~ (block | semicolon)
 }
 
 // ======================================================
@@ -341,8 +366,8 @@ function_decl = {
 // ======================================================
 
 top_level = {
-    (attributes ~ (import | impl_for_decl | impl_decl | trait_decl | struct_decl | enum_decl | class_decl | declare_module | function_decl))
-  | mod_attribute
+    mod_attribute
+  | (attributes ~ (import | impl_for_decl | impl_decl | trait_decl | struct_decl | enum_decl | class_decl | declare_module | function_decl))
 }
 
 // ======================================================
@@ -449,7 +474,7 @@ loop_stmt = {
 pattern_list = { pattern ~ ("|" ~ pattern)* }
 
 match_item = {
-    pattern_list ~ "=>" ~ statement
+    pattern_list ~ "=>" ~ (block | (expr ~ ","))
 }
 
 match_stmt = {
@@ -465,8 +490,8 @@ match_stmt = {
 // ------------------------------------------------------
 
 closure = {
-    "fn" ~ "(" ~ param_list ~ ")" ~ type_expr? ~ block
-  | "fn" ~ "(" ~ param_list ~ ")" ~ type_expr? ~ "->" ~ expr
+    ("(" ~ param_list ~ ")" ~ "=>" ~ expr)
+  | (type_expr ~ "(" ~ param_list ~ ")" ~ "=>" ~ expr)
 }
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------

crates/parser/src/lib.rs

@@ -9,42 +9,46 @@ pub mod semantics;
 
 use ast::*;
 
-use crate::error::{IntoErr, ParseError};
+use crate::error::ParseError;
 
 #[derive(Parser)]
 #[grammar = "./src/grammar.pest"]
 pub struct MistParser;
 
-pub fn parse<'a>(source: &'a str) -> Result<Vec<TopLevel>, ParseError<'a, Vec<TopLevel>>> {
+pub struct Program {
+    pub mod_attributes: Vec<TopLevel>,
+    pub items: Vec<TopLevel>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct MistFmtConfig {
+    pub allman_bracket_style: bool,
+}
+
+pub fn parse<'a>(source: &'a str) -> Result<Program, ParseError<'a>> {
     let mut pairs = MistParser::parse(Rule::program, source)?;
 
     let mut statements = vec![];
 
-    let mut analyzer = error::AstErrorAnalyzer(None);
-
     for pair in pairs.next().unwrap().into_inner() {
         if pair.as_rule() != Rule::EOI {
-            statements.push(analyzer.get(TopLevel::try_from(pair)).get()?);
+            statements.push(TopLevel::try_from(pair)?);
         }
     }
 
-    match analyzer.build(statements) {
-        Ok(v) => Ok(v),
-        Err(e) => {
-            let rec = e.recovered.clone();
+    let (mod_attributes, items): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = statements
+        .into_iter()
+        .partition(|item| matches!(item.0.item, TopLevelKind::ModAttribute));
 
-            let mut e2 = e.get();
-
-            e2.recovered = rec;
-
-            Err(ParseError::Ast(e2))
-        }
-    }
+    Ok(Program {
+        items,
+        mod_attributes,
+    })
 }
 
 pub fn parse_module<'a>(
     source: &'a str,
-) -> Result<Option<(Visibility, Identifier)>, ParseError<'a, Option<(Visibility, Identifier)>>> {
+) -> Result<Option<(Visibility, Identifier)>, ParseError<'a>> {
     let mut pairs = MistParser::parse(Rule::module_program, source)?;
 
     if let Some(v) = pairs
@@ -53,8 +57,7 @@ pub fn parse_module<'a>(
         .into_inner()
         .next()
         .map(TopLevel::try_from)
-        .transpose()
-        .get()?
+        .transpose()?
     {
         if let TopLevelKind::DeclareModule(vis, name) = &v.0.item {
             Ok(Some((vis.clone(), name.clone())))
@@ -76,49 +79,7 @@ macro_rules! ast_ensure {
                 span: $pair.as_span(),
                 error_code: crate::error::ErrorCode::AstGenBug,
                 error_message: format!("Possible bug: expected {:?}, got {:?}", $rule, $pair.as_rule()),
-                recovered: None,
             })
         }
     };
 }
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! ast_expr {
-    (use $r:expr, $($v:expr),* $(,)?) => {{
-        let mut analyzer = $crate::error::AstErrorAnalyzer(None);
-
-        $(
-            analyzer.get($v).get()?;
-        )*
-
-        analyzer.build($r)
-    }};
-
-    ($($item:ident)::+ { $($k:ident: $v:expr),* $(,)? }) => {{
-        let mut analyzer = $crate::error::AstErrorAnalyzer(None);
-
-        let v = $($item)::+ { $($k: analyzer.get($v).get()?),* };
-
-        analyzer.build(v)
-    }};
-
-    ($($item:ident)::+ ( $($v:expr),* $(,)? )) => {{
-        let mut analyzer = $crate::error::AstErrorAnalyzer(None);
-
-        let v = $($item)::+ ( $(analyzer.get($v).get()?),* );
-
-        analyzer.build(v)
-    }};
-
-    (( $($v:expr),* $(,)? )) => {{
-        let mut analyzer = $crate::error::AstErrorAnalyzer(None);
-
-        let v = ( $(analyzer.get($v).get()?),* );
-
-        analyzer.build(v)
-    }};
-
-    ($($item:ident)::+) => {
-        $($item)::+
-    };
-}

crates/parser/src/parser/common/decl.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 use crate::{
     Rule,
     ast::*,
-    ast_expr,
-    error::{AstError, IntoErr, collect_recovered},
+    error::{AstError, collect_recovered},
+    parser::consume_rule,
 };
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for VarDeclStmt {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         match pair.as_rule() {
             Rule::var_decl_statement => {
                 let mut inner = pair.into_inner();
 
-                ast_expr!(VarDeclStmt {
-                    decl: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                    init: inner.next().map(Expression::try_from).transpose()
+                Ok(VarDeclStmt {
+                    decl: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                    init: inner.next().map(Expression::try_from).transpose()?,
                 })
             }
 
@@ -25,16 +25,16 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for VarDeclStmt {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for FieldDeclStmt {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         match pair.as_rule() {
             Rule::class_field => {
                 let mut inner = pair.into_inner();
 
-                ast_expr!(FieldDeclStmt {
-                    decl: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                    init: inner.next().map(Expression::try_from).transpose(),
+                Ok(FieldDeclStmt {
+                    decl: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                    init: inner.next().map(Expression::try_from).transpose()?,
                 })
             }
 
@@ -44,16 +44,18 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for FieldDeclStmt {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for VarDecl {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         match pair.as_rule() {
             Rule::var_decl | Rule::param => {
                 let mut inner = pair.into_inner();
 
-                ast_expr!(VarDecl {
-                    name: Pattern::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()),
-                    type_: inner.next().map(TypeExpr::try_from).transpose(),
+                Ok(VarDecl {
+                    type_: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::type_expr)
+                        .map(TypeExpr::try_from)
+                        .transpose()?,
+                    name: Pattern::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?,
                 })
             }
 
@@ -63,17 +65,17 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for VarDecl {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for FieldDecl {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         match pair.as_rule() {
             Rule::field => {
                 let mut inner = pair.into_inner();
 
-                ast_expr!(FieldDecl {
-                    visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner),
-                    name: Identifier::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()),
-                    type_: TypeExpr::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()),
+                Ok(FieldDecl {
+                    visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner)?,
+                    type_: TypeExpr::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?,
+                    name: Identifier::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?,
                 })
             }
 
@@ -83,9 +85,9 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for FieldDecl {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for ParamList {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        Ok(ParamList(collect_recovered(pair.into_inner()).get()?))
+        Ok(ParamList(collect_recovered(pair.into_inner())?))
     }
 }

crates/parser/src/parser/common/expr.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 use crate::{
     Rule,
     ast::*,
-    ast_ensure, ast_expr,
-    error::{AstError, AstResult, GetLength, IntoErr, collect_recovered, collect_recovered_map},
+    ast_ensure,
+    error::{AstError, collect_recovered, collect_recovered_map},
     parser::consume_rule,
 };
 use pest::pratt_parser::PrattParser;
 use std::sync::OnceLock;
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Expression {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let rule = pair.as_rule();
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Expression {
                 pratt
                     .map_primary(|primary_pair| Expression::try_from(primary_pair))
                     .map_infix(|expr, op, rhs| {
-                        ast_expr!(Expression::Binary {
-                            lhs: expr.map(Box::new).get_map(Box::new),
-                            op: Ok(op.as_str().to_string()) as AstResult<'_, String>,
-                            rhs: rhs.map(Box::new).get_map(Box::new),
+                        Ok(Expression::Binary {
+                            lhs: expr.map(Box::new)?,
+                            op: op.as_str().to_string(),
+                            rhs: rhs.map(Box::new)?,
                         })
                     })
                     .parse(inner)
@@ -50,59 +50,51 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Expression {
                     }
                 }
 
-                let prefixes = collect_recovered::<Prefix, Prefix>(prefix_pairs.into_iter());
+                let prefixes = collect_recovered::<Prefix>(prefix_pairs.into_iter())?;
                 let exp = Expression::try_from(
                     primary_pair.expect("Term must contain a primary expression"),
-                );
-                let postfixes = collect_recovered::<Postfix, Postfix>(postfix_pairs.into_iter());
+                )?;
+                let postfixes = collect_recovered::<Postfix>(postfix_pairs.into_iter())?;
 
                 if postfixes.len() > 0 || prefixes.len() > 0 {
-                    ast_expr!(Expression::Fix {
-                        initial: exp.map(Box::new),
+                    Ok(Expression::Fix {
+                        initial: Box::new(exp),
                         prefixes: prefixes,
                         postfixes: postfixes,
                     })
                 } else {
-                    ast_expr!(use exp?, prefixes, postfixes)
+                    Ok(exp)
                 }
             }
 
-            Rule::tuple => {
-                ast_expr!(Expression::Literal(
-                    collect_recovered(pair.into_inner())
-                        .map(Literal::Tuple)
-                        .get_map(Literal::Tuple)
-                ))
-            }
+            Rule::tuple => Ok(Expression::Literal(Literal::Tuple(collect_recovered(
+                pair.into_inner(),
+            )?))),
 
-            Rule::closure => {
-                ast_expr!(Expression::Closure {
-                    params: collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner()),
+            Rule::closure => Ok(Expression::Closure {
                 return_type: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::type_expr)
                     .map(TypeExpr::try_from)
-                        .transpose(),
-                    body: Expression::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()).map(Box::new),
-                })
-            }
+                    .transpose()?,
+                params: collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner())?,
+                body: Box::new(Expression::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?),
+            }),
 
-            Rule::array => {
-                ast_expr!(Expression::Array(collect_recovered(inner)))
-            }
+            Rule::array => Ok(Expression::Array(collect_recovered(inner)?)),
 
-            Rule::array_repeat => {
-                ast_expr!(Expression::ArrayRepeat(
-                    Expression::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()).map(Box::new),
-                    Expression::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()).map(Box::new)
-                ))
-            }
+            Rule::array_repeat => Ok(Expression::ArrayRepeat(
+                Box::new(Expression::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?),
+                Box::new(Expression::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?),
+            )),
 
             Rule::primary => pair.into_inner().next().unwrap().try_into(),
-            Rule::static_path => ast_expr!(Expression::Path(pair.try_into())),
-            Rule::literal => ast_expr!(Expression::Literal(pair.try_into())),
-            Rule::expr_path => ast_expr!(Expression::Path(pair.try_into())),
-            Rule::statement | Rule::basic_stmt | Rule::control_flow | Rule::block | Rule::unsafe_block => ast_expr!(
-                Expression::Statement(pair.try_into().get_map(Box::new).map(Box::new))
-            ),
+            Rule::static_path => Ok(Expression::Path(pair.try_into()?)),
+            Rule::literal => Ok(Expression::Literal(pair.try_into()?)),
+            Rule::expr_path => Ok(Expression::Path(pair.try_into()?)),
+            Rule::statement
+            | Rule::basic_stmt
+            | Rule::control_flow
+            | Rule::block
+            | Rule::unsafe_block => Ok(Expression::Statement(Box::new(pair.try_into()?))),
 
             _ => AstError::bug_unimplemented(pair),
         }
@@ -110,7 +102,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Expression {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Prefix {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         Ok(match pair.as_rule() {
@@ -127,7 +119,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Prefix {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Postfix {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let rule = pair.as_rule();
@@ -136,34 +128,27 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Postfix {
         match rule {
             Rule::postfix => Postfix::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()),
 
-            Rule::field_px => {
-                ast_expr!(Postfix::FieldAccess(
-                    inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                    inner.next().map(Generics::try_from).transpose()
-                ))
-            }
+            Rule::field_px => Ok(Postfix::FieldAccess(
+                inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                inner.next().map(Generics::try_from).transpose()?,
+            )),
 
-            Rule::tuple_field_px => {
-                ast_expr!(Postfix::TupleFieldAccess(
-                    Ok(inner.next().unwrap().as_str().parse().unwrap_or(255_u8))
-                        as AstResult<'_, u8>,
-                    inner.next().map(Generics::try_from).transpose(),
-                ))
-            }
+            Rule::tuple_field_px => Ok(Postfix::TupleFieldAccess(
+                inner.next().unwrap().as_str().parse().unwrap_or(255_u8),
+                inner.next().map(Generics::try_from).transpose()?,
+            )),
 
-            Rule::call_px => ast_expr!(Postfix::Call(collect_recovered(inner))),
+            Rule::call_px => Ok(Postfix::Call(collect_recovered(inner)?)),
 
-            Rule::struct_px => ast_expr!(Postfix::StructCall(collect_recovered_map(inner, |p| {
+            Rule::struct_px => Ok(Postfix::StructCall(collect_recovered_map(inner, |p| {
                 let mut pi = p.into_inner();
                 Ok((
                     Identifier::try_from(pi.next().unwrap())?,
-                    pi.next().map(Expression::try_from).transpose().get()?,
+                    pi.next().map(Expression::try_from).transpose()?,
                 ))
-            }))),
+            })?)),
 
-            Rule::index_px => {
-                ast_expr!(Postfix::Index(Expression::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())))
-            }
+            Rule::index_px => Ok(Postfix::Index(Expression::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?)),
 
             Rule::macro_call_paren => Ok(Postfix::MacroCall {
                 inner: inner.as_str().to_string(),
@@ -178,9 +163,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Postfix {
                 delimiter: MacroDelimiter::Brace,
             }),
 
-            Rule::as_px => {
-                ast_expr!(Postfix::As(inner.next().unwrap().try_into()))
-            }
+            Rule::as_px => Ok(Postfix::As(inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?)),
 
             Rule::try_px => Ok(Postfix::Try),
 
@@ -193,25 +176,25 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Postfix {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for ExprPath {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         ast_ensure!(pair, Rule::expr_path => {
-            ast_expr!(ExprPath(collect_recovered(pair.into_inner())))
+            Ok(ExprPath(collect_recovered(pair.into_inner())?))
         })
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for ExprPathSegment {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let mut inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
 
         ast_ensure!(pair, Rule::expr_path_segment => {
-            ast_expr!(ExprPathSegment {
-                ident: Identifier::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()),
-                generics: inner.next().map(Generics::try_from).transpose(),
+            Ok(ExprPathSegment {
+                ident: Identifier::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?,
+                generics: inner.next().map(Generics::try_from).transpose()?,
             })
         })
     }

crates/parser/src/parser/common/mod.rs

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ pub mod types;
 use crate::{
     Rule,
     ast::*,
-    ast_ensure, ast_expr,
-    error::{AstError, AstResult, IntoErr, collect_recovered, collect_recovered_map},
+    ast_ensure,
+    error::{AstError, collect_recovered, collect_recovered_map},
     parser::{consume_rule, listen_rule},
 };
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Identifier {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         ast_ensure!(pair, Rule::identifier => {
@@ -22,18 +22,18 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Identifier {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Path {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         match pair.as_rule() {
-            Rule::static_path => Ok(Path(collect_recovered(pair.into_inner()).get()?)),
+            Rule::static_path => Ok(Path(collect_recovered(pair.into_inner())?)),
             _ => AstError::bug_unimplemented(pair),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Literal {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let rule = pair.as_rule();
@@ -46,53 +46,52 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Literal {
             Rule::float => Literal::Float(pair.as_str().parse::<f64>().unwrap()),
             Rule::boolean => Literal::Bool(pair.as_str().parse::<bool>().unwrap()),
             Rule::string_lit => Literal::String(inner.as_str().to_string()),
-            Rule::tuple => Literal::Tuple(collect_recovered(inner).get()?),
+            Rule::tuple => Literal::Tuple(collect_recovered(inner)?),
             _ => return AstError::bug_unimplemented(pair),
         })
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Pattern {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let rule = pair.as_rule();
         let mut inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
 
         match rule {
-            Rule::tuple_pattern => ast_expr!(Pattern::Tuple(collect_recovered_map(inner, |v| {
+            Rule::tuple_pattern => Ok(Pattern::Tuple(collect_recovered_map(inner, |v| {
                 Self::try_from(v).map(Box::new)
-            }))),
+            })?)),
 
-            Rule::named_tuple_pattern => ast_expr!(Pattern::NamedTuple(
-                Path::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()),
-                collect_recovered_map(inner, |v| Self::try_from(v).map(Box::new)),
+            Rule::named_tuple_pattern => Ok(Pattern::NamedTuple(
+                Path::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?,
+                collect_recovered_map(inner, |v| Self::try_from(v).map(Box::new))?,
             )),
 
-            Rule::struct_pattern => ast_expr!(Pattern::Struct(
-                Path::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()),
+            Rule::struct_pattern => Ok(Pattern::Struct(
+                Path::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?,
                 collect_recovered_map(inner, |v| {
                     if v.as_rule() == Rule::etc_pattern {
                         return Ok(None);
                     }
 
                     let mut inner = v.into_inner();
-                    Some(ast_expr!((
-                        Identifier::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()),
+                    Ok(Some((
+                        Identifier::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?,
                         inner
                             .next()
-                            .map(|v| Self::try_from(v).map(Box::new).get_map(Box::new))
-                            .transpose()
+                            .map(|v| Self::try_from(v).map(Box::new))
+                            .transpose()?,
                     )))
-                    .transpose()
-                }),
+                })?,
             )),
 
-            Rule::literal => ast_expr!(Pattern::Literal(pair.try_into())),
+            Rule::literal => Ok(Pattern::Literal(pair.try_into()?)),
 
-            Rule::path_pattern => ast_expr!(Pattern::Path(
-                Ok(listen_rule(&mut inner, Rule::mutable)) as AstResult<'_, bool>,
-                inner.next().unwrap().try_into()
+            Rule::path_pattern => Ok(Pattern::Path(
+                listen_rule(&mut inner, Rule::mutable),
+                inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
             )),
 
             Rule::etc_pattern => Ok(Pattern::Etc),
@@ -103,13 +102,13 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Pattern {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<&mut pest::iterators::Pairs<'a, Rule>> for Visibility {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pairs: &mut pest::iterators::Pairs<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         Ok(consume_rule(pairs, Rule::visibility)
-            .map(|pair| -> Result<Visibility, AstError<'a, Self>> {
+            .map(|pair| -> Result<Visibility, AstError<'a>> {
                 if let Some(path) = pair.into_inner().next() {
-                    ast_expr!(Visibility::PublicTarget(Path::try_from(path)))
+                    Ok(Visibility::PublicTarget(Path::try_from(path)?))
                 } else {
                     Ok(Visibility::Public)
                 }

crates/parser/src/parser/common/statement.rs

@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 use crate::{
     Rule,
     ast::*,
-    ast_ensure, ast_expr,
-    error::{AstError, IntoErr, collect_recovered},
+    ast_ensure,
+    error::{AstError, collect_recovered},
 };
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Block {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let mut inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
 
         ast_ensure!(pair, Rule::block => {
-            ast_expr!(Block {
-                statements: collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner()),
-                soft_return: inner.next().map(Spanned::try_from).transpose(),
+            Ok(Block {
+                statements: collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner())?,
+                soft_return: inner.next().map(Spanned::try_from).transpose()?,
             })
         })
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for StatementBranch {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let mut inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
 
         ast_ensure!(pair, Rule::statement_branch => {
-            ast_expr!(StatementBranch {
-                condition: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                body: inner.next().unwrap().try_into().map(Box::new),
+            Ok(StatementBranch {
+                condition: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                body: Box::new(inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?),
             })
         })
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Statement {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let rule = pair.as_rule();
@@ -47,50 +47,46 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Statement {
                 Statement::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())
             }
 
-            Rule::unsafe_block => ast_expr!(Statement::UnsafeBlock(inner.next().unwrap().try_into())),
+            Rule::unsafe_block => Ok(Statement::UnsafeBlock(inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?)),
 
-            Rule::block => ast_expr!(Statement::Block(pair.try_into())),
+            Rule::block => Ok(Statement::Block(pair.try_into()?)),
 
-            Rule::var_decl_statement => ast_expr!(Statement::VarDecl(pair.try_into())),
+            Rule::var_decl_statement => Ok(Statement::VarDecl(pair.try_into()?)),
 
-            Rule::return_stmt => {
-                ast_expr!(Statement::Return(
-                    inner.next().map(Expression::try_from).transpose()
-                ))
-            }
+            Rule::return_stmt => Ok(Statement::Return(
+                inner.next().map(Expression::try_from).transpose()?,
+            )),
 
             Rule::break_stmt => Ok(Statement::Break),
 
             Rule::continue_stmt => Ok(Statement::Continue),
 
-            Rule::if_stmt => {
-                ast_expr!(Statement::If {
-                    initial: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                    else_if: collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner()),
-                    else_branch: inner.next().map(Block::try_from).transpose(),
-                })
-            }
-
-            Rule::while_stmt => ast_expr!(Statement::While(inner.next().unwrap().try_into())),
-
-            Rule::loop_stmt => ast_expr!(Statement::Loop(inner.next().unwrap().try_into())),
-
-            Rule::c_for_stmt => ast_expr!(Statement::CStyleFor {
-                init: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                condition: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                update: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                body: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
+            Rule::if_stmt => Ok(Statement::If {
+                initial: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                else_if: collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner())?,
+                else_branch: inner.next().map(Block::try_from).transpose()?,
             }),
 
-            Rule::for_stmt => ast_expr!(Statement::For {
-                pattern: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                iterator: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                body: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
+            Rule::while_stmt => Ok(Statement::While(inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?)),
+
+            Rule::loop_stmt => Ok(Statement::Loop(inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?)),
+
+            Rule::c_for_stmt => Ok(Statement::CStyleFor {
+                init: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                condition: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                update: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                body: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
             }),
 
-            Rule::match_stmt => ast_expr!(Statement::Match(
-                inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                collect_recovered(inner),
+            Rule::for_stmt => Ok(Statement::For {
+                pattern: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                iterator: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                body: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+            }),
+
+            Rule::match_stmt => Ok(Statement::Match(
+                inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                collect_recovered(inner)?,
             )),
 
             _ => AstError::bug_unimplemented(pair),
@@ -99,14 +95,14 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Statement {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for MatchItem {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let mut match_inner = pair.into_inner();
 
         Ok(MatchItem(
-            collect_recovered(match_inner.next().unwrap().into_inner()).get()?,
-            Expression::try_from(match_inner.next().unwrap()).get()?,
+            collect_recovered(match_inner.next().unwrap().into_inner())?,
+            Expression::try_from(match_inner.next().unwrap())?,
         ))
     }
 }

crates/parser/src/parser/common/types.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use crate::{
     Rule,
     ast::*,
-    ast_ensure, ast_expr,
-    error::{AstError, AstResult, IntoErr, collect_recovered},
+    ast_ensure,
+    error::{AstError, collect_recovered},
     parser::{consume_rule, listen_rule},
 };
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for TypeExpr {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let rule = pair.as_rule();
@@ -15,65 +15,109 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for TypeExpr {
 
         match rule {
             Rule::generic => Self::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()),
-            Rule::type_expr => inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-            Rule::lifetime => ast_expr!(TypeExpr::Lifetime(inner.next().unwrap().try_into())),
+            Rule::type_expr => {
+                let mut inner = inner;
 
-            Rule::tuple_type => ast_expr!(TypeExpr::Tuple(collect_recovered(inner))),
-            Rule::path_type => {
-                ast_expr!(TypeExpr::Path(
-                    Path::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()),
-                    inner.next().map(Generics::try_from).transpose()
-                ))
-            }
+                let mut ty = TypeExpr::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?;
 
+                for ref_pair in inner {
+                    let mut ref_inner = ref_pair.clone().into_inner();
+
+                    match ref_pair.as_rule() {
                         Rule::ref_type => {
-                ast_expr!(TypeExpr::Ref {
-                    lifetime: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::ref_lifetime)
-                        .map(|v| v.into_inner().next().map(Lifetime::try_from))
+                            ty = TypeExpr::Ref {
+                                mutable: listen_rule(&mut ref_inner, Rule::mutable),
+                                lifetime: consume_rule(&mut ref_inner, Rule::lifetime)
+                                    .map(|v| v.into_inner().next().map(Identifier::try_from))
                                     .unwrap_or_default()
-                        .transpose(),
-                    mutable: Ok(listen_rule(&mut inner, Rule::mutable)) as AstResult<bool>,
-                    ty: TypeExpr::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()).map(Box::new),
-                })
+                                    .transpose()?,
+                                ty: Box::new(ty),
+                            };
                         }
-            Rule::dyn_type => {
-                ast_expr!(TypeExpr::Dyn(
-                    TypeExpr::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()).map(Box::new),
-                ))
+
+                        Rule::unsafe_ref_type => {
+                            ty = TypeExpr::UnsafePtr {
+                                mutable: listen_rule(&mut ref_inner, Rule::mutable),
+                                ty: Box::new(ty),
+                            };
                         }
 
+                        Rule::fn_type => {
+                            ty = TypeExpr::Fn {
+                                return_type: Box::new(ty),
+                                kind: ref_inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                                params: collect_recovered(ref_inner)?,
+                            };
+                        }
+
+                        _ => AstError::bug_unimplemented(ref_pair)?,
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Ok(ty)
+            }
+            Rule::lifetime => Ok(TypeExpr::Lifetime(inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?)),
+
+            Rule::void_type => Ok(TypeExpr::Void),
+            Rule::tuple_type => Ok(TypeExpr::Tuple(collect_recovered(inner)?)),
+
+            Rule::path_type => Ok(TypeExpr::Path(
+                Path::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?,
+                inner.next().map(Generics::try_from).transpose()?,
+            )),
+
+            Rule::dyn_type => Ok(TypeExpr::Dyn(
+                TypeExpr::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()).map(Box::new)?,
+            )),
+
+            _ => AstError::bug_unimplemented(pair),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for FnKind {
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
+
+    fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match pair.as_rule() {
+            Rule::fn_kind_fn => Ok(FnKind::Fn),
+            Rule::fn_kind_unsafe => Ok(FnKind::UnsafeFn),
+            Rule::fn_kind_closure => Ok(FnKind::FnClosure),
+            Rule::fn_kind_once => Ok(FnKind::FnOnce),
+            Rule::fn_kind_mut => Ok(FnKind::FnMut),
+
             _ => AstError::bug_unimplemented(pair),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for GenericsDecl {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
 
         ast_ensure!(pair, Rule::generics_decl => {
-            ast_expr!(GenericsDecl(collect_recovered(inner)))
+            Ok(GenericsDecl(collect_recovered(inner)?))
         })
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for GenericDecl {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let mut inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
 
         ast_ensure!(pair, Rule::generic_decl => {
             if let Some(pair) = consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::lifetime) {
-                ast_expr!(GenericDecl::Lifetime(
-                    pair.into_inner().next().unwrap().try_into(),
+                Ok(GenericDecl::Lifetime(
+                    pair.into_inner().next().unwrap().try_into()?,
                 ))
             } else {
-                ast_expr!(GenericDecl::Type(
-                    inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-                    collect_recovered(inner),
+                Ok(GenericDecl::Type(
+                    inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                    collect_recovered(inner)?,
                 ))
             }
         })
@@ -81,31 +125,31 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for GenericDecl {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Generics {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
 
         ast_ensure!(pair, Rule::generics => {
-            ast_expr!(Generics(collect_recovered(inner)))
+            Ok(Generics(collect_recovered(inner)?))
         })
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Generic {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let mut inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
 
         ast_ensure!(pair, Rule::generic => {
             if let Some(pair) = consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::lifetime) {
-                ast_expr!(Generic::Lifetime(
-                    pair.into_inner().next().unwrap().try_into(),
+                Ok(Generic::Lifetime(
+                    pair.into_inner().next().unwrap().try_into()?,
                 ))
             } else {
-                ast_expr!(Generic::Type(
-                    inner.next().unwrap().try_into()
+                Ok(Generic::Type(
+                    inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?
                 ))
             }
         })

crates/parser/src/parser/items/attribute.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 use crate::{
     Rule,
     ast::*,
-    error::{AstError, IntoErr, collect_recovered},
+    error::{AstError, collect_recovered},
 };
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Attribute {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         match pair.as_rule() {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Attribute {
                 let mut inner = pair.into_inner();
 
                 // first item is always the path
-                let path = inner.next().unwrap().try_into().get()?;
+                let path = inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?;
 
                 // check what comes next
                 match inner.next() {
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Attribute {
                             // #[path = literal]
                             Ok(Attribute::NameValue {
                                 path,
-                                value: next.try_into().get()?,
+                                value: next.try_into()?,
                             })
                         }
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Attribute {
                             // #[path(...)]
                             Ok(Attribute::List {
                                 path,
-                                items: collect_recovered(next.into_inner()).get()?,
+                                items: collect_recovered(next.into_inner())?,
                             })
                         }
 

crates/parser/src/parser/items/class.rs

@@ -1,48 +1,39 @@
-use crate::{
-    Rule,
-    ast::*,
-    error::{AstError, IntoErr},
-    parser::consume_rule,
-};
+use crate::{Rule, ast::*, error::AstError, parser::consume_rule};
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for ClassConstructor {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let mut inner = pair.into_inner();
 
         Ok(Self {
-            visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner).get()?,
+            visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner)?,
 
             generics: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::generics_decl)
                 .map(GenericsDecl::try_from)
-                .transpose()
-                .get()?
+                .transpose()?
                 .unwrap_or_default(),
 
             params: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::param_list)
                 .map(ParamList::try_from)
-                .transpose()
-                .get()?
+                .transpose()?
                 .unwrap_or_default(),
 
-            body: inner.next().unwrap().try_into().get()?,
+            body: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
         })
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for ClassItem {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let rule = pair.as_rule();
 
         match rule {
-            Rule::impl_decl | Rule::impl_for_decl => {
-                Ok(ClassItem::ImplDecl(pair.try_into().get()?))
-            }
+            Rule::impl_decl | Rule::impl_for_decl => Ok(ClassItem::ImplDecl(pair.try_into()?)),
 
-            Rule::function_decl => Ok(ClassItem::Method(pair.try_into().get()?)),
+            Rule::function_decl => Ok(ClassItem::Method(pair.try_into()?)),
 
             _ => AstError::bug_unimplemented(pair),
         }

crates/parser/src/parser/items/enums.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,30 @@
 use crate::{
     Rule,
     ast::*,
-    error::{AstError, IntoErr, collect_recovered},
+    error::{AstError, collect_recovered},
 };
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for EnumItem {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let rule = pair.as_rule();
         let mut inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
 
         match rule {
-            Rule::enum_named => Ok(EnumItem::Named(inner.next().unwrap().try_into().get()?)),
+            Rule::enum_named => Ok(EnumItem::Named(inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?)),
 
             Rule::enum_tuple => Ok(EnumItem::Tuple(
-                inner.next().unwrap().try_into().get()?,
-                collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner()).get()?,
+                inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner())?,
             )),
 
             Rule::enum_struct => Ok(EnumItem::Struct(
-                inner.next().unwrap().try_into().get()?,
+                inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
                 inner
                     .next()
-                    .map(|pair| collect_recovered::<FieldDecl, FieldDecl>(pair.into_inner()))
-                    .transpose()
-                    .get()?
+                    .map(|pair| collect_recovered::<FieldDecl>(pair.into_inner()))
+                    .transpose()?
                     .unwrap_or_default(),
             )),
 

crates/parser/src/parser/items/function.rs

@@ -1,78 +1,55 @@
 use crate::{
     Rule,
     ast::*,
-    ast_ensure, ast_expr,
-    error::{self, AstError, AstResult, IntoErr},
-    parser::{consume_rule, listen_rule},
+    ast_ensure,
+    error::{AstError, AstResult},
+    parser::{consume_rule, consume_rule_map, listen_rule},
 };
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for FunctionDecl {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         ast_ensure!(pair, Rule::function_decl => {
         let mut inner = pair.into_inner();
-            let visibility = Visibility::try_from(&mut inner);
+            let visibility = Visibility::try_from(&mut inner)?;
 
             let return_type = consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::type_expr)
                 .map(TypeExpr::try_from)
-                .transpose();
+                .transpose()?;
 
-            let name = Identifier::try_from(inner.next().unwrap());
+            let name = Identifier::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?;
 
             let generics = consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::generics_decl)
                 .map(GenericsDecl::try_from)
                 .transpose()
-                .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default());
+                .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default())?;
 
-            let self_param = consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::self_param).map(|param| {
+            let self_param = consume_rule_map(&mut inner, Rule::self_param, |param| {
                 let mut param_inner = param.into_inner();
-                let is_ref = listen_rule(&mut param_inner, Rule::deref_px);
+
+                let is_ref = listen_rule(&mut param_inner, Rule::ref_px);
                 let lifetime = consume_rule(&mut param_inner, Rule::lifetime);
                 let mutable = listen_rule(&mut param_inner, Rule::mutable);
-                let name = Pattern::Path(mutable && !is_ref, Path(vec![Identifier(String::from("self"))]));
-                let self_ty = TypeExpr::Path(Path(vec![Identifier(String::from("Self"))]), None);
 
-                VarDecl {
-                    name: name.clone(),
-                    type_: Some(if is_ref {
-                        TypeExpr::Ref {
-                            lifetime:
-                                lifetime.map(|v| Lifetime::try_from(v.into_inner().next().unwrap()))
-                                    .transpose()
-                                    .expect("Failed to get lifetime identifier"),
-                            mutable,
-                            ty: Box::new(self_ty)
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        self_ty
-                    }),
-                }
-            });
+                Ok((is_ref, lifetime.map(|v| -> AstResult<Identifier> {
+                    Identifier::try_from(v.into_inner().next().unwrap())
+                }).transpose()?, mutable))
+            })?;
 
-            let params = consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::param_list)
-                .map({
-                    let self_param = self_param.clone();
-                    |params_pair| -> AstResult<'a, ParamList> {
-                        let mut params = ParamList::try_from(params_pair)?;
-                        if let Some(x) = self_param {
-                            params.0.insert(0, x);
-                        }
-                        Ok(params)
-                    }
-                })
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| Ok(ParamList(self_param.into_iter().collect())));
+            let params = consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::param_list).map(ParamList::try_from).transpose()?.unwrap_or_default();
 
-            let is_override = consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::override_kw).map(Override::try_from).transpose();
+            let is_override = consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::override_kw).map(Override::try_from).transpose()?;
 
-            let body = inner.next().map(Block::try_from).transpose();
+            let body = inner.next().map(Block::try_from).transpose()?;
 
-            ast_expr!(Self {
+            Ok(Self {
                 visibility: visibility,
                 is_override: is_override,
                 return_type: return_type,
                 name: name,
                 generics: generics,
+                self_param: self_param,
                 params: params,
                 body: body,
             })
@@ -81,26 +58,11 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for FunctionDecl {
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Override {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         ast_ensure!(pair, Rule::override_kw => {
-            ast_expr!(Override(pair.into_inner().next().map(ExprPath::try_from).transpose()))
+            Ok(Override(pair.into_inner().next().map(ExprPath::try_from).transpose()?))
         })
     }
 }
-
-impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Lifetime {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
-
-    fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        let mut inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
-
-        match pair.as_rule() {
-            Rule::ref_lifetime => inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
-            Rule::lifetime => ast_expr!(Lifetime::Lifetime(inner.next().unwrap().try_into())),
-            Rule::unsafe_kw => Ok(Lifetime::Unsafe),
-            _ => error::AstError::bug_unimplemented(pair),
-        }
-    }
-}

crates/parser/src/parser/items/impl_decl.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 use crate::{
     Rule,
     ast::*,
-    error::{AstError, IntoErr, collect_recovered},
+    error::{AstError, collect_recovered},
     parser::consume_rule,
 };
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for ImplDecl {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let rule = pair.as_rule();
@@ -16,23 +16,21 @@ impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for ImplDecl {
             Rule::impl_for_decl => Ok(ImplDecl {
                 generics: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::generics_decl)
                     .map(GenericsDecl::try_from)
-                    .transpose()
-                    .get()?
+                    .transpose()?
                     .unwrap_or_default(),
-                trait_: Some(inner.next().unwrap().try_into().get()?),
-                target: inner.next().unwrap().try_into().get()?,
-                methods: collect_recovered(inner).get()?,
+                trait_: Some(inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?),
+                target: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                methods: collect_recovered(inner)?,
             }),
 
             Rule::impl_decl => Ok(ImplDecl {
                 generics: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::generics_decl)
                     .map(GenericsDecl::try_from)
-                    .transpose()
-                    .get()?
+                    .transpose()?
                     .unwrap_or_default(),
                 trait_: None,
-                target: inner.next().unwrap().try_into().get()?,
-                methods: collect_recovered(inner).get()?,
+                target: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
+                methods: collect_recovered(inner)?,
             }),
 
             _ => AstError::bug_unimplemented(pair),

crates/parser/src/parser/items/mod.rs

@@ -7,119 +7,119 @@ pub mod impl_decl;
 use crate::{
     Rule,
     ast::*,
-    ast_expr,
-    error::{AstError, IntoErr, collect_recovered},
+    error::{AstError, collect_recovered},
     parser::consume_rule,
 };
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for TopLevel {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        let mut inner = pair.into_inner();
+        let mut inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
 
-        let attributes = collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner());
+        let attributes = collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner())?;
 
-        ast_expr!(TopLevel(
-            inner.next().map(Spanned::try_from).unwrap(),
+        Ok(TopLevel(
+            inner
+                .next()
+                .map(Spanned::try_from)
+                .unwrap_or_else(move || Ok(Spanned::new_pair(pair, TopLevelKind::ModAttribute)))?,
             attributes,
         ))
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for TopLevelKind {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let rule = pair.as_rule();
         let mut inner = pair.clone().into_inner();
 
         match rule {
-            Rule::import => ast_expr!(TopLevelKind::Import(
-                Visibility::try_from(&mut inner),
-                Path::try_from(inner.next().unwrap()),
+            Rule::import => Ok(TopLevelKind::Import(
+                Visibility::try_from(&mut inner)?,
+                Path::try_from(inner.next().unwrap())?,
             )),
 
-            Rule::function_decl => ast_expr!(TopLevelKind::FunctionDecl(pair.try_into())),
+            Rule::function_decl => Ok(TopLevelKind::FunctionDecl(pair.try_into()?)),
 
-            Rule::struct_decl => ast_expr!(TopLevelKind::StructDecl {
-                visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner),
+            Rule::struct_decl => Ok(TopLevelKind::StructDecl {
+                visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner)?,
 
-                name: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
+                name: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
 
                 generics: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::generics_decl)
                     .map(GenericsDecl::try_from)
                     .transpose()
-                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default()),
+                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default())?,
 
                 fields: inner
                     .next()
                     .map(|pair| collect_recovered(pair.into_inner()))
                     .transpose()
-                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default()),
+                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default())?,
             }),
 
-            Rule::class_decl => ast_expr!(TopLevelKind::ClassDecl {
-                visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner),
+            Rule::class_decl => Ok(TopLevelKind::ClassDecl {
+                visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner)?,
 
-                name: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
+                name: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
 
                 generics: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::generics_decl)
                     .map(GenericsDecl::try_from)
                     .transpose()
-                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default()),
+                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default())?,
 
                 inherits: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::expr_path)
                     .map(ExprPath::try_from)
-                    .transpose(),
+                    .transpose()?,
 
-                fields: collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner()),
+                fields: collect_recovered(inner.next().unwrap().into_inner())?,
 
                 constructor: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::class_constructor)
                     .map(Spanned::try_from)
-                    .transpose(),
+                    .transpose()?,
 
-                items: collect_recovered(inner),
+                items: collect_recovered(inner)?,
             }),
 
-            Rule::enum_decl => ast_expr!(TopLevelKind::EnumDecl {
-                visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner),
+            Rule::enum_decl => Ok(TopLevelKind::EnumDecl {
+                visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner)?,
 
-                name: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
+                name: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
 
                 generics: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::generics_decl)
                     .map(GenericsDecl::try_from)
                     .transpose()
-                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default()),
+                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default())?,
 
-                fields: collect_recovered(inner),
+                fields: collect_recovered(inner)?,
             }),
 
-            Rule::declare_module => ast_expr!(TopLevelKind::DeclareModule(
-                Visibility::try_from(&mut inner),
-                inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
+            Rule::declare_module => Ok(TopLevelKind::DeclareModule(
+                Visibility::try_from(&mut inner)?,
+                inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
             )),
 
-            Rule::impl_for_decl | Rule::impl_decl => {
-                ast_expr!(TopLevelKind::ImplDecl(pair.try_into()))
-            }
+            Rule::impl_for_decl | Rule::impl_decl => Ok(TopLevelKind::ImplDecl(pair.try_into()?)),
 
-            Rule::trait_decl => ast_expr!(TopLevelKind::TraitDecl {
-                visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner),
+            Rule::trait_decl => Ok(TopLevelKind::TraitDecl {
+                visibility: Visibility::try_from(&mut inner)?,
 
-                name: inner.next().unwrap().try_into(),
+                name: inner.next().unwrap().try_into()?,
 
                 generics: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::generics_decl)
                     .map(GenericsDecl::try_from)
                     .transpose()
-                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default()),
+                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default())?,
 
                 requirements: consume_rule(&mut inner, Rule::trait_requirements)
                     .map(|pair| collect_recovered(pair.into_inner()))
                     .transpose()
-                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default()),
+                    .map(|v| v.unwrap_or_default())?,
 
-                items: collect_recovered(&mut inner),
+                items: collect_recovered(&mut inner)?,
             }),
 
             _ => AstError::bug_unimplemented(pair),

crates/parser/src/parser/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 pub mod common;
 pub mod items;
 
-use crate::{Rule, ast::Spanned, error::AstError};
+use crate::{
+    Rule,
+    ast::Spanned,
+    error::{AstError, AstResult},
+};
 
 pub fn listen_rule(pairs: &mut pest::iterators::Pairs<'_, Rule>, rule: Rule) -> bool {
     let consumed = pairs
@@ -28,10 +32,36 @@ pub fn consume_rule<'a>(
     if consumed { pairs.next() } else { None }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T: TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>, Error = AstError<'a, T>>>
+pub fn consume_rule_map<'a, T>(
+    pairs: &mut pest::iterators::Pairs<'a, Rule>,
+    rule: Rule,
+    map: impl Fn(pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> AstResult<'a, T>,
+) -> AstResult<'a, Option<T>> {
+    let pair = consume_rule(pairs, rule);
+
+    if let Some(pair) = pair {
+        Some(map(pair)).transpose()
+    } else {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Spanned<T> {
+    fn new_pair(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'_, Rule>, item: T) -> Self {
+        let span = pair.as_span().start_pos().line_col();
+
+        Self {
+            line: span.0,
+            column: span.1,
+            item,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T: TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>, Error = AstError<'a>>>
     TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>> for Spanned<T>
 {
-    type Error = AstError<'a, Self>;
+    type Error = AstError<'a>;
 
     fn try_from(pair: pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let span = pair.as_span().start_pos().line_col();
@@ -39,16 +69,7 @@ impl<'a, T: TryFrom<pest::iterators::Pair<'a, Rule>, Error = AstError<'a, T>>>
         Ok(Self {
             line: span.0,
             column: span.1,
-            item: pair.try_into().map_err(|err: AstError<'_, T>| AstError {
-                span: err.span,
-                error_code: err.error_code,
-                error_message: err.error_message,
-                recovered: err.recovered.map(|v| Spanned {
-                    line: span.0,
-                    column: span.1,
-                    item: v,
-                }),
-            })?,
+            item: pair.try_into()?,
         })
     }
 }

crates/parser/src/semantics.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub fn find_function_call<'a>(
 ) -> Option<&'a Spanned<FunctionDecl>> {
     items.iter().find_map(|v| {
         if let ClassItem::Method(m) = v {
-            if m.item.is_using_self() && &m.item.name == name {
+            if m.item.self_param.is_some() && &m.item.name == name {
                 Some(m)
             } else {
                 None
@@ -317,12 +317,6 @@ impl GetMutability for Expression {
                 // Recurse into all postfix sub-expressions
                 for postfix in postfixes {
                     match postfix {
-                        Postfix::Assign(_, rhs) => {
-                            if let Some(self_ref) = get_self_ref(initial, postfixes) {
-                                result.push(self_ref);
-                            }
-                            result.append(&mut rhs.get_mutability());
-                        }
                         Postfix::Call(args) => {
                             for arg in args {
                                 result.append(&mut arg.get_mutability());

mist-test/src/common/decl_test.mist

@@ -1,44 +1,47 @@
 pub module decl_test;
 
-pub fn void test_let_basic() {
+pub void test_let_basic()
+{
     let x = 42;
     assert_eq!(x, 42);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_let_typed() {
-    let x i32 = 42;
+pub void test_let_typed()
+{
+    i32 x = 42;
     assert_eq!(x, 42);
-
-    let s *str = "hello";
+    str& s = "hello";
     assert_eq!(s, "hello");
-
-    let b bool = true;
+    bool b = true;
     assert_eq!(b, true);
-
-    let f f64 = 3.14;
+    f64 f = 3.14;
     assert_eq!(f, 3.14);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_let_mut() {
+pub void test_let_mut()
+{
     let mut _x = 42;
     _x = 100;
     assert_eq!(_x, 100);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_let_tuple_destructure() {
+pub void test_let_tuple_destructure()
+{
     let (a, b) = (10, "hello");
     assert_eq!(a, 10);
     assert_eq!(b, "hello");
 }
 
-pub fn void test_let_nested_tuple() {
+pub void test_let_nested_tuple()
+{
     let (a, (b, c)) = (1, (2, 3));
     assert_eq!(a, 1);
     assert_eq!(b, 2);
     assert_eq!(c, 3);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_let_pattern_irrefutable() {
+pub void test_let_pattern_irrefutable()
+{
     let x = 5;
     let (y, z) = (1, 2);
     assert_eq!(x, 5);
@@ -46,30 +49,35 @@ pub fn void test_let_pattern_irrefutable() {
     assert_eq!(z, 2);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_multiple_decls() {
+pub void test_multiple_decls()
+{
     let a = 1;
     let b = 2;
     let c = 3;
     assert_eq!(a + b + c, 6);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_let_with_type_and_init() {
-    let x f64 = 10.0;
+pub void test_let_with_type_and_init()
+{
+    f64 x = 10.0;
     assert_eq!(x, 10.0);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_string_literal() {
+pub void test_string_literal()
+{
     let s = "hello, world!";
     assert_eq!(s.len(), 13);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_let_bool() {
+pub void test_let_bool()
+{
     let t = true;
     let f = false;
     assert_eq!(t, !f);
 }
 
-pub fn void run_tests() {
+pub void run_tests()
+{
     test_let_basic();
     test_let_typed();
     test_let_mut();

mist-test/src/common/expr_test.mist

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 pub module expr_test;
 
-pub fn void test_literals() {
+pub void test_literals()
+{
     assert_eq!(42, 42);
     assert_eq!(3.14, 3.14);
     assert_eq!(true, true);
@@ -8,28 +9,32 @@ pub fn void test_literals() {
     assert_eq!("hello", "hello");
 }
 
-pub fn void test_tuples() {
+pub void test_tuples()
+{
     let t = (1, true, "three");
     assert_eq!(t.0, 1);
     assert_eq!(t.1, true);
     assert_eq!(t.2, "three");
 }
 
-pub fn void test_arrays() {
+pub void test_arrays()
+{
     let arr = [1, 2, 3];
     assert_eq!(arr[0], 1);
     assert_eq!(arr[1], 2);
     assert_eq!(arr[2], 3);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_array_repeat() {
+pub void test_array_repeat()
+{
     let arr = [0; 5];
     assert_eq!(arr[0], 0);
     assert_eq!(arr[4], 0);
     assert_eq!(arr.len(), 5);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_binary_arith() {
+pub void test_binary_arith()
+{
     assert_eq!(10 + 5, 15);
     assert_eq!(10 - 5, 5);
     assert_eq!(10 * 5, 50);
@@ -37,7 +42,8 @@ pub fn void test_binary_arith() {
     assert_eq!(10 % 3, 1);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_binary_cmp() {
+pub void test_binary_cmp()
+{
     assert_eq!(5 < 10, true);
     assert_eq!(10 <= 10, true);
     assert_eq!(10 > 5, true);
@@ -46,14 +52,16 @@ pub fn void test_binary_cmp() {
     assert_eq!(5 != 10, true);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_binary_logic() {
+pub void test_binary_logic()
+{
     assert_eq!(true && true, true);
     assert_eq!(true && false, false);
     assert_eq!(true || false, true);
     assert_eq!(false || false, false);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_binary_bit() {
+pub void test_binary_bit()
+{
     assert_eq!(5 & 3, 1);
     assert_eq!(5 | 3, 7);
     assert_eq!(5 ^ 3, 6);
@@ -61,20 +69,23 @@ pub fn void test_binary_bit() {
     assert_eq!(4 >> 1, 2);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_prefix() {
+pub void test_prefix()
+{
     let x = 42;
     assert_eq!(-x, -42);
     assert_eq!(!true, false);
     assert_eq!(!false, true);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_ref_deref() {
+pub void test_ref_deref()
+{
     let x = 42;
     let r = &x;
     assert_eq!(*r, 42);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_postfix_inc_dec() {
+pub void test_postfix_inc_dec()
+{
     let mut x = 5;
     x++;
     assert_eq!(x, 6);
@@ -82,17 +93,20 @@ pub fn void test_postfix_inc_dec() {
     assert_eq!(x, 5);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_as_cast() {
+pub void test_as_cast()
+{
     let x = 42;
     assert_eq!(x as f64, 42.0);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_closure() {
-    let add = fn(a, b) -> a + b;
+pub void test_closure()
+{
+    let add = (a, b) => a + b;
     assert_eq!(add(2, 3), 5);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_block_expr() {
+pub void test_block_expr()
+{
     let x = {
         let y = 10;
         y + 5
@@ -100,16 +114,25 @@ pub fn void test_block_expr() {
     assert_eq!(x, 15);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_if_expr() {
-    let x = if true { 1 } else { 2 };
+pub void test_if_expr()
+{
+    let x = if true {
+        1
+    } else {
+        2
+    };
     assert_eq!(x, 1);
-
-    let y = if false { 1 } else { 2 };
+    let y = if false {
+        1
+    } else {
+        2
+    };
     assert_eq!(y, 2);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_range_expr() {
-    let r = 0..5;
+pub void test_range_expr()
+{
+    let r = 0 .. 5;
     let mut count = 0;
     for i in r {
         count++;
@@ -117,7 +140,8 @@ pub fn void test_range_expr() {
     assert_eq!(count, 5);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_binary_assign() {
+pub void test_binary_assign()
+{
     let mut x = 10;
     x += 5;
     assert_eq!(x, 15);
@@ -131,7 +155,8 @@ pub fn void test_binary_assign() {
     assert_eq!(x, 2);
 }
 
-pub fn void run_tests() {
+pub void run_tests()
+{
     test_literals();
     test_tuples();
     test_arrays();

mist-test/src/common/package.mist

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 pub module common;
 
-pub fn void test_package() {}
+pub void test_package() {}

mist-test/src/common/statement_test.mist

@@ -1,30 +1,29 @@
 pub module statement_test;
 
-pub fn void test_var_decl() {
+pub void test_var_decl()
+{
     let x = 42;
     assert_eq!(x, 42);
-
-    let y i32 = 10;
+    i32 y = 10;
     assert_eq!(y, 10);
-
-    let name *str = "mist";
+    str& name = "mist";
     assert_eq!(name, "mist");
 }
 
-pub fn void test_var_decl_with_init() {
+pub void test_var_decl_with_init()
+{
     let mut x = 0;
     x = 5;
     assert_eq!(x, 5);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_if_statement() {
+pub void test_if_statement()
+{
     let mut x = 0;
-
     if true {
         x = 1;
     }
     assert_eq!(x, 1);
-
     if false {
         x = 2;
     } else {
@@ -33,9 +32,9 @@ pub fn void test_if_statement() {
     assert_eq!(x, 3);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_if_else_if() {
+pub void test_if_else_if()
+{
     let mut x = 0;
-
     if x == 1 {
         x = 10;
     } else if x == 0 {
@@ -46,27 +45,27 @@ pub fn void test_if_else_if() {
     assert_eq!(x, 20);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_while_loop() {
+pub void test_while_loop()
+{
     let mut count = 0;
-
     while count < 5 {
         count++;
     }
     assert_eq!(count, 5);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_for_loop() {
+pub void test_for_loop()
+{
     let mut sum = 0;
-
-    for i in 0..4 {
+    for i in 0 .. 4 {
         sum += i;
     }
     assert_eq!(sum, 6);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_loop_stmt() {
+pub void test_loop_stmt()
+{
     let mut count = 0;
-
     loop {
         count++;
         if count >= 3 {
@@ -76,10 +75,10 @@ pub fn void test_loop_stmt() {
     assert_eq!(count, 3);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_break_continue() {
+pub void test_break_continue()
+{
     let mut sum = 0;
-
-    for i in 0..10 {
+    for i in 0 .. 10 {
         if i % 2 == 0 {
             continue;
         }
@@ -91,11 +90,13 @@ pub fn void test_break_continue() {
     assert_eq!(sum, 1 + 3 + 5);
 }
 
-pub fn i32 test_return() {
+pub i32 test_return()
+{
     return 42;
 }
 
-pub fn void test_block_scope() {
+pub void test_block_scope()
+{
     let x = {
         let inner = 10;
         inner + 5
@@ -103,53 +104,64 @@ pub fn void test_block_scope() {
     assert_eq!(x, 15);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_match_literal() {
+pub void test_match_literal()
+{
     let x = 2;
     let result;
-
     match x {
-        1 => { result = 10; }
-        2 => { result = 20; }
-        3 => { result = 30; }
-        _ => panic!();
+        1 => {
+            result = 10;
+        }
+        2 => result = 20,
+        3 => result = 30,
+        _ => panic!(),
     }
     assert_eq!(result, 20);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_match_or_pattern() {
+pub void test_match_or_pattern()
+{
     let x = 1;
-    let result i32;
-
+    i32 result;
     match x {
-        1 | 2 => { result = 100; }
-        3 => { result = 200; }
-        _ => panic!();
+        1 | 2 => {
+            result = 100;
+        }
+        3 => {
+            result = 200;
+        }
+        _ => panic!(),
     }
     assert_eq!(result, 100);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_match_default() {
+pub void test_match_default()
+{
     let x = 99;
     let result;
-
     match x {
-        1 => { result = 10; }
-        y => { result = y; }
+        1 => {
+            result = 10;
+        }
+        y => {
+            result = y;
+        }
     }
     assert_eq!(result, 99);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_for_with_pattern_destructure() {
+pub void test_for_with_pattern_destructure()
+{
     let pairs = [(1, "a"), (2, "b")];
     let mut keys = 0;
-
     for (k, _) in pairs {
         keys += k;
     }
     assert_eq!(keys, 3);
 }
 
-pub fn void run_tests() {
+pub void run_tests()
+{
     test_var_decl();
     test_var_decl_with_init();
     test_if_statement();

mist-test/src/common/types_test.mist

@@ -1,58 +1,58 @@
 pub module types_test;
 
-pub fn void test_integer_type() {
-    let x i32 = 42;
+pub void test_integer_type() {
+    i32 x = 42;
     assert_eq!(x, 42);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_float_type() {
-    let x f64 = 3.14;
+pub void test_float_type() {
+    f64 x = 3.14;
     assert_eq!(x, 3.14);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_bool_type() {
-    let x bool = true;
+pub void test_bool_type() {
+    bool x = true;
     assert_eq!(x, true);
-
-    let y bool = false;
+    bool y = false;
     assert_eq!(y, false);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_string_type() {
-    let s *str = "hello";
+pub void test_string_type() {
+    str& s = "hello";
     assert_eq!(s, "hello");
 }
 
-pub fn void test_tuple_type() {
-    let t (i32, *str) = (42, "answer");
+pub void test_tuple_type() {
+    (i32, str&) t = (42, "answer");
     assert_eq!(t.0, 42);
     assert_eq!(t.1, "answer");
 }
 
-pub fn void test_ref_type() {
-    let x i32 = 42;
-    let r *i32 = &x;
+pub void test_ref_type() {
+    i32 x = 42;
+    i32& r = &x;
     assert_eq!(*r, 42);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_mut_ref_type() {
+pub void test_mut_ref_type() {
     let mut x = 42;
-    let r *mut i32 = &mut x;
+    i32 mut& r = &mut x;
     *r = 100;
     assert_eq!(x, 100);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_void_type() {}
+pub void test_void_type() {
+}
 
-fn i32 add(a i32, b i32) {
+i32 add(i32 a, i32 b) {
     a + b
 }
 
-pub fn void test_fn_return_type() {
+pub void test_fn_return_type() {
     assert_eq!(add(3, 4), 7);
 }
 
-pub fn void run_tests() {
+pub void run_tests() {
     test_integer_type();
     test_float_type();
     test_bool_type();

mist-test/src/items/attribute_test.mist

@@ -1,23 +1,29 @@
 pub module attribute_test;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Debuggable {
-    value i32,
+pub struct Debuggable
+{
+    i32 value,
 }
 
-pub fn void test_derive_attribute() {
-    let d = Debuggable { value: 42 };
+pub void test_derive_attribute()
+{
+    let d = Debuggable {
+        value: 42,
+    };
     assert_eq!(d.value, 42);
 }
 
 #[allow(unused_variables)]
-pub fn void test_allow_attribute() {
+pub void test_allow_attribute()
+{
     let x = 42;
     let y = "unused";
     assert_eq!(x, 42);
 }
 
-pub fn void run_tests() {
+pub void run_tests()
+{
     test_derive_attribute();
     test_allow_attribute();
 }

mist-test/src/items/class_test.mist

@@ -1,56 +1,68 @@
 pub module class_test;
 
-pub class Animal {
-    pub name String;
+pub class Animal
+{
+    pub String name;
 
-    constructor() {
+    constructor() 
+    {
         self.name = "Rex".to_string();
     }
 
-    pub fn String speak(*self) {
+    pub String speak(&self)
+    {
         "Unknown".to_string()
     }
 
-    pub fn void test_speak(*self) {
+    pub void test_speak<'a>(&'a self)
+    {
         assert_eq!(self.speak(), "Woof!");
     }
 
-    pub fn void static_method() {}
+    pub void static_method()
+    {
+    }
 }
 
-pub class Mammal : Animal {
-    constructor() {
+pub class Mammal : Animal
+{
+    constructor() 
+    {
         super = Super::new();
     }
 
-    pub fn void args_test(*self, x i32, y *str) {
+    pub void args_test(&self, i32 x, str& y)
+    {
         assert_eq!(x, 10);
         assert_eq!(y, "hello");
     }
 }
 
-pub class Dog : Mammal {
-    constructor() {
+pub class Dog : Mammal
+{
+    constructor() 
+    {
         super = Super::new();
     }
 
-    pub fn String speak(*self) override(Animal) {
+    pub String speak(&self) override(Animal)
+    {
         "Woof!".to_string()
     }
 
-    impl std::fmt::Display {
-        fn Result<(), std::fmt::Error> fmt(*self, f *mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) {
+    impl std::fmt::Display
+    {
+        Result<(), std::fmt::Error> fmt(&self, std::fmt::Formatter<'_> mut& f)
+        {
             write!(f, "🐾 {}", self.name)
         }
     }
 }
 
-pub fn void run_tests() {
+pub void run_tests()
+{
     let dawg = Dog::new();
-
     dawg.args_test(10, "hello");
-
     dawg.test_speak();
-
     assert_eq!(format!("{dawg}"), "🐾 Rex");
 }

mist-test/src/items/enum_test.mist

@@ -1,60 +1,92 @@
 pub module enum_test;
 
-enum OptionInt {
+enum OptionInt
+{
     None,
     Some(i32),
 }
 
-pub fn void test_enum_named() {
+pub void test_enum_named()
+{
     let x = OptionInt::None;
     match x {
-        OptionInt::None => { assert_eq!(1, 1); }
-        OptionInt::Some(_) => { assert_eq!(0, 1); }
+        OptionInt::None => {
+            assert_eq!(1, 1);
+        }
+        OptionInt::Some(_) => {
+            assert_eq!(0, 1);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-pub fn void test_enum_tuple() {
+pub void test_enum_tuple()
+{
     let x = OptionInt::Some(42);
     match x {
-        OptionInt::None => { assert_eq!(0, 1); }
-        OptionInt::Some(v) => { assert_eq!(v, 42); }
+        OptionInt::None => {
+            assert_eq!(0, 1);
+        }
+        OptionInt::Some(v) => {
+            assert_eq!(v, 42);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-enum Shape {
-    Circle { radius i32 },
-    Rect { w i32, h i32 },
+enum Shape
+{
+    Circle {i32 radius},
+    Rect {i32 w, i32 h},
 }
 
-pub fn void test_enum_struct() {
-    let c = Shape::Circle { radius: 5 };
+pub void test_enum_struct()
+{
+    let c = Shape::Circle {
+        radius: 5,
+    };
     match c {
-        Shape::Circle { radius } => { assert_eq!(radius, 5); }
-        Shape::Rect { .. } => { assert_eq!(0, 1); }
+        Shape::Circle {radius} => {
+            assert_eq!(radius, 5);
         }
-
-    let r = Shape::Rect { w: 3, h: 4 };
+        Shape::Rect {..} => {
+            assert_eq!(0, 1);
+        }
+    }
+    let r = Shape::Rect {
+        w: 3,
+        h: 4,
+    };
     match r {
-        Shape::Circle { .. } => { assert_eq!(0, 1); }
-        Shape::Rect { w, h } => { assert_eq!(w * h, 12); }
+        Shape::Circle {..} => {
+            assert_eq!(0, 1);
+        }
+        Shape::Rect {w, h} => {
+            assert_eq!(w * h, 12);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-enum Color {
+enum Color
+{
     Red,
     Green,
     Blue,
 }
 
-pub fn void test_enum_eq() {
+pub void test_enum_eq()
+{
     let c = Color::Red;
     match c {
-        Color::Red => { assert_eq!(1, 1); }
-        _ => { assert_eq!(0, 1); }
+        Color::Red => {
+            assert_eq!(1, 1);
+        }
+        _ => {
+            assert_eq!(0, 1);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-pub fn void run_tests() {
+pub void run_tests()
+{
     test_enum_named();
     test_enum_tuple();
     test_enum_struct();

mist-test/src/items/function_test.mist

@@ -1,60 +1,76 @@
 pub module function_test;
 
-fn void greet() {
+void greet()
+{
     let mut x = 1;
     x++;
 }
 
-pub fn void test_basic_function() {
+pub void test_basic_function()
+{
     greet();
 }
 
-fn i32 add(a i32, b i32) {
+i32 add(i32 a, i32 b)
+{
     a + b
 }
 
-pub fn void test_fn_params() {
+pub void test_fn_params()
+{
     assert_eq!(add(2, 3), 5);
 }
 
-pub fn i32 test_fn_return() {
+pub i32 test_fn_return()
+{
     42
 }
 
-pub fn i32 test_fn_early_return() {
+pub i32 test_fn_early_return()
+{
     return 100;
     0
 }
 
-pub fn i32 test_fn_mut_param(mut x i32) {
+pub i32 test_fn_mut_param(i32 mut x)
+{
     x = x + 10;
     x
 }
 
-pub fn void test_method_call() {
+pub void test_method_call()
+{
     let s = "hello";
     assert_eq!(s.len(), 5);
     assert_eq!(s.to_uppercase(), "HELLO");
 }
 
-fn i32 triple(x i32) {
+i32 triple(i32 x)
+{
     add(x, add(x, x))
 }
 
-pub fn void test_nested_fn_calls() {
+pub void test_nested_fn_calls()
+{
     assert_eq!(triple(5), 15);
 }
 
-fn i32 factorial(n i32) {
-    if n <= 1 { 1 }
-    else { n * factorial(n - 1) }
+i32 factorial(i32 n)
+{
+    if n <= 1 {
+        1
+    } else {
+        n * factorial(n - 1)
+    }
 }
 
-pub fn void test_recursive_fn() {
+pub void test_recursive_fn()
+{
     assert_eq!(factorial(5), 120);
 }
 
-pub fn void run_tests() {
+pub void run_tests()
+{
     test_basic_function();
     test_fn_params();
     assert_eq!(test_fn_return(), 42);

mist-test/src/items/impl_test.mist

@@ -1,39 +1,55 @@
 pub module impl_test;
 
-struct Vector2 {
-    x i32,
-    y i32,
+struct Vector2
+{
+    i32 x,
+    i32 y,
 }
 
-impl Vector2 {
-    pub fn i32 magnitude(*self) {
+impl Vector2
+{
+    pub i32 magnitude(&self)
+    {
         self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y
     }
 }
 
-pub fn void test_inherent_impl() {
-    let v = Vector2 { x: 3, y: 4 };
+pub void test_inherent_impl()
+{
+    let v = Vector2 {
+        x: 3,
+        y: 4,
+    };
     assert_eq!(v.magnitude(), 25);
 }
 
-trait Display {
-    fn String display(*self);
+trait Display
+{
+    String display(&self);
 }
 
-impl Display for Vector2 {
-    fn String display(*self) {
+impl Display for Vector2
+{
+    String display(&self)
+    {
         format!("({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn void test_trait_impl_block() {
-    let v = Vector2 { x: 1, y: 2 };
+pub void test_trait_impl_block()
+{
+    let v = Vector2 {
+        x: 1,
+        y: 2,
+    };
     let s = v.display();
     assert_eq!(s.len() > 0, true);
 }
 
-impl Vector2 {
-    pub fn Vector2 add(*self, other Vector2) {
+impl Vector2
+{
+    pub Vector2 add(&self, Vector2 other)
+    {
         Vector2 {
             x: self.x + other.x,
             y: self.y + other.y,
@@ -41,15 +57,23 @@ impl Vector2 {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn void test_multiple_impls() {
-    let a = Vector2 { x: 1, y: 2 };
-    let b = Vector2 { x: 3, y: 4 };
+pub void test_multiple_impls()
+{
+    let a = Vector2 {
+        x: 1,
+        y: 2,
+    };
+    let b = Vector2 {
+        x: 3,
+        y: 4,
+    };
     let c = a.add(b);
     assert_eq!(c.x, 4);
     assert_eq!(c.y, 6);
 }
 
-pub fn void run_tests() {
+pub void run_tests()
+{
     test_inherent_impl();
     test_trait_impl_block();
     test_multiple_impls();

mist-test/src/items/struct_test.mist

@@ -1,44 +1,66 @@
 pub module struct_test;
 
-struct Point {
-    x i32,
-    y i32,
+struct Point
+{
+    i32 x,
+    i32 y,
 }
 
-pub fn void test_struct_create_access() {
-    let p = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };
+pub void test_struct_create_access()
+{
+    let p = Point {
+        x: 10,
+        y: 20,
+    };
     assert_eq!(p.x, 10);
     assert_eq!(p.y, 20);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_struct_mut_field() {
-    let mut p = Point { x: 1, y: 2 };
+pub void test_struct_mut_field()
+{
+    let mut p = Point {
+        x: 1,
+        y: 2,
+    };
     p.x = 100;
     assert_eq!(p.x, 100);
 }
 
-pub fn void test_struct_destructure() {
-    let p = Point { x: 3, y: 4 };
-    let Point { x, y } = p;
+pub void test_struct_destructure()
+{
+    let p = Point {
+        x: 3,
+        y: 4,
+    };
+    let Point {x, y} = p;
     assert_eq!(x, 3);
     assert_eq!(y, 4);
 }
 
-struct Line {
-    start Point,
-    end Point,
+struct Line
+{
+    Point start,
+    Point end,
 }
 
-pub fn void test_struct_nested() {
+pub void test_struct_nested()
+{
     let l = Line {
-        start: Point { x: 0, y: 0 },
-        end: Point { x: 5, y: 10 },
+        start: Point {
+            x: 0,
+            y: 0,
+        },
+        end: Point {
+            x: 5,
+            y: 10,
+        },
     };
     assert_eq!(l.start.x, 0);
     assert_eq!(l.end.y, 10);
 }
 
-pub fn void run_tests() {
+pub void run_tests()
+{
     test_struct_create_access();
     test_struct_mut_field();
     test_struct_destructure();

mist-test/src/items/trait_test.mist

@@ -1,41 +1,55 @@
 pub module trait_test;
 
-trait Speak {
-    fn String speak(*self);
+trait Speak
+{
+    String speak(&self);
 }
 
-trait Greet : Speak {
-    fn String greet(*self);
+trait Greet : Speak
+{
+    String greet(&self);
 }
 
-struct Dog {
-    name String,
+struct Dog
+{
+    String name,
 }
 
-impl Speak for Dog {
-    fn String speak(*self) {
+impl Speak for Dog
+{
+    String speak(&self)
+    {
         "woof".to_string()
     }
 }
 
-impl Greet for Dog {
-    fn String greet(*self) {
+impl Greet for Dog
+{
+    String greet(&self)
+    {
         "hello".to_string()
     }
 }
 
-pub fn void test_trait_impl() {
-    let d = Dog { name: "Rex".to_string() };
+pub void test_trait_impl()
+{
+    let d = Dog {
+        name: "Rex".to_string(),
+    };
     assert_eq!(d.speak(), "woof");
 }
 
-pub fn void test_trait_with_requirement() {
-    let d = Dog { name: "Buddy".to_string() };
+pub void test_trait_with_requirement()
+{
+    let d = Dog {
+        name: "Buddy".to_string(),
+    };
     assert_eq!(d.speak(), "woof");
     assert_eq!(d.greet(), "hello");
 }
 
-pub fn void run_tests() {
+pub void run_tests()
+{
     test_trait_impl();
     test_trait_with_requirement();
 }

mist-test/src/main.mist

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-fn void main() {
+void main()
+{
     println!("running common tests...");
     common::test_package();
     common::expr_test::run_tests();
     common::statement_test::run_tests();
     common::decl_test::run_tests();
     common::types_test::run_tests();
-
     println!("running items tests...");
     items::function_test::run_tests();
     items::struct_test::run_tests();
@@ -14,6 +14,5 @@ fn void main() {
     items::trait_test::run_tests();
     items::impl_test::run_tests();
     items::attribute_test::run_tests();
-
     println!("\x1b[32m\nAll tests passed!\x1b[0m");
 }

src/analyzer.mist

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-fn void main() {
+void main() {
     mist_analyzer::start();
 }

src/main.mist

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ use std::fs;
 use mist_api::builder;
 use mist_api::transpiler;
 
-fn void main() {
-    let args Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
+void main() {
+    Vec<String> args = env::args().collect();
 
     if args.len() < 2 {
         print_usage();
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ fn void main() {
     }
 }
 
-fn void print_usage() {
+void print_usage() {
     println!("Mist - the mist compiler\n");
     println!("󰖟 View our documentation! \x1b[35mhttps://mist.selimaj.dev\x1b[0m");
     println!(" Follow us on github!    \x1b[35mhttps://github.com/mist-go\x1b[0m\n");
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ fn void print_usage() {
     println!(" \x1b[36m mist help\x1b[0m              print this message\n");
 }
 
-fn void init_project(mut args Vec<String>) {
+void init_project(Vec<String> mut args) {
     args.remove(0);
 
     process::Command::new("cargo")
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ fn void init_project(mut args Vec<String>) {
         .spawn()
         .expect("Failed to run cargo").wait().expect("Unable to wait");
 
-    let is_lib bool = fs::metadata("src/lib.rs").is_ok();
+    bool is_lib = fs::metadata("src/lib.rs").is_ok();
 
     if is_lib {
         fs::remove_file("src/lib.rs").expect("Failed to remove src/lib.rs");
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ fn void init_project(mut args Vec<String>) {
     println!("\n\x1b[34minfo\x1b[0m: Please open Cargo.toml and adjust `\x1b[35mname\x1b[0m = ` as needed, Thank you for using Mist!\n");
 }
 
-fn void inject_mist_target(is_lib bool) {
-    let toml_content String = fs::read_to_string("Cargo.toml").expect("Failed to read Cargo.toml");
+void inject_mist_target(bool is_lib) {
+    String toml_content = fs::read_to_string("Cargo.toml").expect("Failed to read Cargo.toml");
 
-    let inject *str = if is_lib {
+    str& inject = if is_lib {
         "\n[lib]\nname = \"my_lib\"\npath = \".mist/src/lib.rs\"\n"
     } else {
         "\n[[bin]]\nname = \"my_bin\"\npath = \".mist/src/main.rs\"\n"